Spring @Qualifier 注解

可能存在这样一种情况：您创建了多个相同类型的 Bean，并且只想将其中一个与某个属性关联。在这种情况下，您可以将@Qualifier注解与@Autowired一起使用，通过指定要关联的确切 Bean 来消除混淆。以下是一个展示@Qualifier注解用法的示例。

示例

让我们准备好一个正在运行的 Eclipse IDE，并采取以下步骤创建一个 Spring 应用程序：

以下是Student.java文件的内容：

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class Student {
   private Integer age;
   private String name;

   public void setAge(Integer age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   public Integer getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }
   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }
}

以下是Profile.java文件的内容

package com.tutorialspoint;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;

public class Profile {
   @Autowired
   @Qualifier("student1")
   private Student student;

   public Profile(){
      System.out.println("Inside Profile constructor." );
   }
   public void printAge() {
      System.out.println("Age : " + student.getAge() );
   }
   public void printName() {
      System.out.println("Name : " + student.getName() );
   }
}

以下是MainApp.java文件的内容。

package com.tutorialspoint;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainApp {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");

      Profile profile = (Profile) context.getBean("profile");
      profile.printAge();
      profile.printName();
   }
}

考虑以下配置文件Beans.xml的示例

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

   <context:annotation-config/>

   <!-- Definition for profile bean -->
   <bean id = "profile" class = "com.tutorialspoint.Profile"></bean>

   <!-- Definition for student1 bean -->
   <bean id = "student1" class = "com.tutorialspoint.Student">
      <property name = "name" value = "Zara" />
      <property name = "age" value = "11"/>
   </bean>

   <!-- Definition for student2 bean -->
   <bean id = "student2" class = "com.tutorialspoint.Student">
      <property name = "name" value = "Nuha" />
      <property name = "age" value = "2"/>
   </bean>

</beans>

创建源文件和 Bean 配置文件后，让我们运行应用程序。如果您的应用程序一切正常，它将打印以下消息：

Inside Profile constructor.
Age : 11
Name : Zara