Apache Bench - 输出结果对比



本章将对比使用和不使用标志时的输出结果。让我们看看使用合适的标志如何提高 Web 应用程序的性能。在此之前,我们需要了解,如果您的应用程序很简单,您可能不会注意到差异。就像我们的简单应用程序一样,使用标志和不使用标志的结果差异不大。然后,我们将对https://apache.org/ URL 进行相同的测试,并查看差异。

不使用标志测试我们的应用程序

在本节中,我们将了解如何不使用标志测试我们的应用程序。

$ ab -n 100 -c 10 http://127.0.0.1:8000/

输出结果

This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1604373 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, https://apache.org/

Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient).....done


Server Software:        Rocket
Server Hostname:        127.0.0.1
Server Port:            8000

Document Path:          /
Document Length:        Variable

Concurrency Level:      10
Time taken for tests:   0.244 seconds
Complete requests:      100
Failed requests:        0
Non-2xx responses:      100
Keep-Alive requests:    0
Total transferred:      27700 bytes
HTML transferred:       6600 bytes
Requests per second:    2208.77 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       4.527 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.453 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          597.49 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        1    2   0.7      2       3
Processing:     0    2   0.7      2       4
Waiting:        0    2   1.0      2       3
Total:          4    4   0.3      4       5

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%      4
  66%      4
  75%      5
  80%      5
  90%      5
  95%      5
  98%      5
  99%      5
 100%      5 (longest request)

使用标志测试我们的应用程序

在本节中,我们将了解如何使用标志测试我们的应用程序。

$ ab -l -r -n 100 -c 10 -k -H "Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate"  http://127.0.0.1:8000/

输出结果

...
Requests per second:    2277.07 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       4.392 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.439 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          615.97 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        1    2   0.7      2       3
Processing:     0    2   0.7      2       4
Waiting:        0    2   1.0      2       3
Total:          4    4   0.2      4       5

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%      4
  66%      4
  75%      4
  80%      4
  90%      5
  95%      5
  98%      5
  99%      5
 100%      5 (longest request)

我们可以简单地注意到输出统计数据之间没有太大区别。

不使用标志测试 Apache 组织网站

现在让我们看看如何不使用标志测试 Apache 组织网站。

$ ab -n 100 -c 10 https://apache.org/

输出结果

This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1604373 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, https://apache.org/

Benchmarking www.apache.org (be patient).....done

Server Software:        Apache/2.4.7
Server Hostname:        www.apache.org
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /
Document Length:        58433 bytes

Concurrency Level:      10
Time taken for tests:   1.498 seconds
Complete requests:      100
Failed requests:        0
Total transferred:      5877500 bytes
HTML transferred:       5843300 bytes
Requests per second:    66.74 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       149.840 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       14.984 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          3830.58 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:       12  110 295.2     12    1012
Processing:    37   38   0.5     38      39
Waiting:       12   13   0.3     13      15
Total:         49  147 295.4     50    1051

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     50
  66%     50
  75%     50
  80%     50
  90%    816
  95%   1050
  98%   1051
  99%   1051
 100%   1051 (longest request)

使用标志测试 Apache 组织网站

现在让我们使用标志测试 Apache 组织网站。

$ ab -l -r -n 100 -c 10 -k -H "Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate"  https://apache.org/

输出结果

...
Document Length:        Variable

Concurrency Level:      10
Time taken for tests:   0.357 seconds
Complete requests:      100
Failed requests:        0
Keep-Alive requests:    100
Total transferred:      1358510 bytes
HTML transferred:       1317700 bytes
Requests per second:    280.28 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       35.678 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       3.568 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          3718.41 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    1   3.7      0      12
Processing:    14   17  21.3     15     227
Waiting:       14   17  21.3     14     227
Total:         14   18  21.5     15     227

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     15
  66%     15
  75%     15
  80%     15
  90%     27
  95%     28
  98%     29
  99%    227
 100%    227 (longest request)

您可以简单地注意到,使用标志后每秒请求数增加了。在本例中,这尤其归功于使用了-H "Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate,因为此标志告诉 Apache 服务器以gzip格式提供请求。

Apache Bench 结果考量

在考虑 Apache Bench 结果时,需要考虑一些重要事项。这将帮助我们设计整体策略,以消除应用程序中的瓶颈并提高其性能。

我们需要关注每秒请求数。这让我们了解 Web 服务器设置的工作情况;数字越大,性能越好。然后是连接时间 (ms) 和已处理请求的百分比。您可能需要调整 Web 服务器的设置,以将这些指标更改为所需的性能。

检查 Apache 或使用的 Web 服务器错误日志或(常规)日志中是否存在错误。随着负载的增加,事情会开始卡住:内存问题会开始出现。如果未考虑并发性编写,许多 Python 脚本将开始崩溃。

您需要找出 Web 服务器崩溃和/或超时前的临界并发值是多少?通常情况下,这应该发生在相当高的并发级别。如果此值较低,则说明存在问题,您需要调整这些设置(降低/提高)。

结论

在本教程中,我们学习了如何使用 Apache Bench 来负载测试任何网站或 Web 应用程序。Apache Bench 是一个非常有价值的工具,可用于确定如何改进 Web 应用程序服务器设置,以减少瓶颈并提高性能。现在您已经熟悉了 Apache Bench 的基本用法,您可以开始创建新的测试计划,以在各种场景中衡量应用程序的性能。

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