C++ 中的二叉搜索树迭代器
假设我们要制作一个二叉树迭代器。它将具有两种方法。next() 方法用于返回下一个元素,而 hasNext() 方法用于返回布尔值,指示是否存在下一个元素。因此,如果树形结构如下 -
并且函数调用的顺序为 [next(), next(), hasNext(), next(), hasNext(), next(), hasNext(), next(), hasNext()]。输出将为 [3,7,true,9,true,15,true,20,false]
为了解决这个问题,我们将按以下步骤操作 -
- 有两种方法,next 和 hasNext,
- next() 方法如下 -
- curr := 栈顶元素,并弹出栈顶元素
- 如果 curr 的右元素不为 null,则从节点的右侧推送中序后继
- 返回当前的值
- hasNext() 方法如下 -
- 当栈不为空时返回 true,否则返回 false。
让我们看以下实现以更好地理解 -
示例
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; class TreeNode{ public: int val; TreeNode *left, *right; TreeNode(int data){ val = data; left = right = NULL; } }; void insert(TreeNode **root, int val){ queue<TreeNode*> q; q.push(*root); while(q.size()){ TreeNode *temp = q.front(); q.pop(); if(!temp->left){ if(val != NULL) temp->left = new TreeNode(val); else temp->left = new TreeNode(0); return; } else { q.push(temp->left); } if(!temp->right){ if(val != NULL) temp->right = new TreeNode(val); else temp->right = new TreeNode(0); return; }else{ q.push(temp->right); } } } TreeNode *make_tree(vector<int> v){ TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(v[0]); for(int i = 1; i<v.size(); i++){ insert(&root, v[i]); } return root; } class BSTIterator { public: stack <TreeNode*> st; void fillStack(TreeNode* node){ while(node && node->val != 0){ st.push(node); node=node->left; } } BSTIterator(TreeNode* root) { fillStack(root); } /** @return the next smallest number */ int next() { TreeNode* curr = st.top(); st.pop(); if(curr->right && curr->right->val != 0){ fillStack(curr->right); } return curr->val; } /** @return whether we have a next smallest number */ bool hasNext() { return !st.empty(); } }; main(){ vector<int> v = {7,3,15,NULL,NULL,9,20}; TreeNode *root = make_tree(v); BSTIterator ob(root); cout << "Next: " << ob.next() << endl; cout << "Next: " << ob.next() << endl; cout << ob.hasNext() << endl; cout << "Next: " << ob.next() << endl; cout << ob.hasNext() << endl; cout << "Next: " << ob.next() << endl; cout << ob.hasNext() << endl; cout << "Next: " << ob.next() << endl; cout << ob.hasNext() << endl; }
输入
BSTIterator ob(root); ob.next() ob.next() ob.hasNext() ob.next() ob.hasNext() ob.next() ob.hasNext() ob.next() ob.hasNext()
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输出
Next: 3 Next: 7 1 Next: 9 1 Next: 15 1 Next: 20 0
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