C++ 中的二叉搜索树迭代器
假设我们要制作一个二叉树迭代器。它将具有两种方法。next() 方法用于返回下一个元素,而 hasNext() 方法用于返回布尔值,指示是否存在下一个元素。因此,如果树形结构如下 -

并且函数调用的顺序为 [next(), next(), hasNext(), next(), hasNext(), next(), hasNext(), next(), hasNext()]。输出将为 [3,7,true,9,true,15,true,20,false]
为了解决这个问题,我们将按以下步骤操作 -
- 有两种方法,next 和 hasNext,
- next() 方法如下 -
- curr := 栈顶元素,并弹出栈顶元素
- 如果 curr 的右元素不为 null,则从节点的右侧推送中序后继
- 返回当前的值
- hasNext() 方法如下 -
- 当栈不为空时返回 true,否则返回 false。
让我们看以下实现以更好地理解 -
示例
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
class TreeNode{
public:
int val;
TreeNode *left, *right;
TreeNode(int data){
val = data;
left = right = NULL;
}
};
void insert(TreeNode **root, int val){
queue<TreeNode*> q;
q.push(*root);
while(q.size()){
TreeNode *temp = q.front();
q.pop();
if(!temp->left){
if(val != NULL)
temp->left = new TreeNode(val);
else
temp->left = new TreeNode(0);
return;
} else {
q.push(temp->left);
}
if(!temp->right){
if(val != NULL)
temp->right = new TreeNode(val);
else
temp->right = new TreeNode(0);
return;
}else{
q.push(temp->right);
}
}
}
TreeNode *make_tree(vector<int> v){
TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(v[0]);
for(int i = 1; i<v.size(); i++){
insert(&root, v[i]);
}
return root;
}
class BSTIterator {
public:
stack <TreeNode*> st;
void fillStack(TreeNode* node){
while(node && node->val != 0){
st.push(node);
node=node->left;
}
}
BSTIterator(TreeNode* root) {
fillStack(root);
}
/** @return the next smallest number */
int next() {
TreeNode* curr = st.top();
st.pop();
if(curr->right && curr->right->val != 0){
fillStack(curr->right);
}
return curr->val;
}
/** @return whether we have a next smallest number */
bool hasNext() {
return !st.empty();
}
};
main(){
vector<int> v = {7,3,15,NULL,NULL,9,20};
TreeNode *root = make_tree(v);
BSTIterator ob(root);
cout << "Next: " << ob.next() << endl;
cout << "Next: " << ob.next() << endl;
cout << ob.hasNext() << endl;
cout << "Next: " << ob.next() << endl;
cout << ob.hasNext() << endl;
cout << "Next: " << ob.next() << endl;
cout << ob.hasNext() << endl;
cout << "Next: " << ob.next() << endl;
cout << ob.hasNext() << endl;
}输入
BSTIterator ob(root); ob.next() ob.next() ob.hasNext() ob.next() ob.hasNext() ob.next() ob.hasNext() ob.next() ob.hasNext()
输出
Next: 3 Next: 7 1 Next: 9 1 Next: 15 1 Next: 20 0
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