带有给定复杂度限制的 C++ 程序来实现快速排序
快速排序基于分治法。此算法的平均时间复杂度为 O(n*log(n)),但最坏情况复杂度为 O(n^2)。为了减少最坏情况发生的概率,此处快速排序使用随机数进行实现。
算法
partition(int a[], int l,int h)
Begin pivot = h Index = l start = l and end = h while start < end do while a[start] <= pivot AND start < end do start = start +1 done while a[end] > pivot do end = end – 1 done if start < end then swap a[start] with a[end] done a[low] = a[end] a[end] = pivot return end End
RandomPivotPartition(int a[], int l, int h)
Begin n = rand() pivot = l + n%(h-l+1); Swap a[h] with a[pivot] return Partition(a, l, h) End
QuickSort(int a[], int l, int h)
Begin int pindex; If (l<h) pindex = RandomPivotPartition(a, l, h) QuickSort(a, l, pindex-1) QuickSort(a, pindex+1, h) return 0 End
示例代码
#include<iostream> #include<cstdlib> using namespace std; void swap(int *a, int *b) { int temp; temp = *a; *a = *b; *b = temp; } int Partition(int a[], int l, int h) { int pivot, index, i; index = l; pivot = h; for(i = l; i < h; i++) { if(a[i] < a[pivot]) { swap(&a[i], &a[index]); index++; } } swap(&a[pivot], &a[index]); return index; } int RandomPivotPartition(int a[], int l, int h) { int pvt, n, temp; n = rand(); pvt = l + n%(h-l+1); swap(&a[h], &a[pvt]); return Partition(a, l, h); } int QuickSort(int a[], int l, int h) { int pindex; if(l < h) { pindex = RandomPivotPartition(a, l, h); QuickSort(a, l, pindex-1); QuickSort(a, pindex+1, h); } return 0; } int main() { int n, i; cout<<"\nEnter the number of data element to be sorted: "; cin>>n; int arr[n]; for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { cout<<"Enter element "<<i+1<<": "; cin>>arr[i]; } QuickSort(arr, 0, n-1); cout<<"\nSorted Data "; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) cout<<"->"<<arr[i]; return 0; }
输出
Enter the number of data element to be sorted: 4 Enter element 1: 3 Enter element 2: 4 Enter element 3: 7 Enter element 4: 6 Sorted Data ->3->4->6->7
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