请求 - 处理超时

超时可以轻松添加到要请求的 URL。具体来说，您正在使用第三方 URL 并等待响应。最好对 URL 设置超时，因为我们可能希望 URL 在某个时间范围内用响应或错误进行响应。如果不这样做，可能会导致无限期地等待该请求。

我们可以使用 timeout 参数对 URL 设置超时，并将值传入秒，如下面的示例所示 −

实例

import requests
getdata = 
requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users',timeout=0.001)
print(getdata.text)    

输出

raise ConnectTimeout(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout:
HTTPSConnectionPool(host='jsonplaceholder.typicode.com', 
port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /users (Caused 
by Connect
TimeoutError(<urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 
0x000000B02AD
E76A0>, 'Connection to jsonplaceholder.typicode.com timed out. (connect 
timeout = 0.001)'))

给出的超时如下 −

getdata = 
requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users',timeout=0.001)

执行如输出中所示引发连接超时错误。给定的超时是 0.001，请求不可能在该时间内获取响应并抛出错误。现在，我们将增加超时并进行检查。

实例

import requests
getdata = 
requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users',timeout=1.000)
print(getdata.text)

输出

E:\prequests>python makeRequest.py
[
   {
      "id": 1,
      "name": "Leanne Graham",
      "username": "Bret",
      "email": "[email protected]",
      "address": {
         "street": "Kulas Light",
         "suite": "Apt. 556",
         "city": "Gwenborough",
         "zipcode": "92998-3874",
         "geo": {
            "lat": "-37.3159",
            "lng": "81.1496"
         }
      },
      "phone": "1-770-736-8031 x56442",
      "website": "hildegard.org",
      "company": {
         "name": "Romaguera-Crona",
         "catchPhrase": "Multi-layered client-server neural-net",
         "bs": "harness real-time e-markets"
      }
   }
] 

如果超时为 1 秒，我们可以获取对请求的 URL 的响应。