D 编程 - 字符串



D 提供以下两种类型的字符串表示形式:

  • 字符数组
  • 核心语言字符串

字符数组

我们可以用以下两种形式之一表示字符数组。第一种形式直接提供大小,第二种形式使用 dup 方法,该方法创建字符串“Good morning”的可写副本。

char[9]  greeting1 = "Hello all"; 
char[] greeting2 = "Good morning".dup; 

示例

这是一个使用上述简单字符数组形式的简单示例。

import std.stdio;

void main(string[] args) { 
   char[9] greeting1 = "Hello all"; 
   writefln("%s",greeting1); 

   char[] greeting2 = "Good morning".dup; 
   writefln("%s",greeting2); 
}

编译并执行上述代码时,将产生如下结果:

Hello all 
Good morning

核心语言字符串

字符串是 D 核心语言的内置类型。这些字符串与上面显示的字符数组互操作。以下示例显示了一个简单的字符串表示形式。

string greeting1 = "Hello all";

示例

import std.stdio;

void main(string[] args) { 
   string greeting1 = "Hello all"; 
   writefln("%s",greeting1);  
   
   char[] greeting2 = "Good morning".dup; 
   writefln("%s",greeting2);  
   
   string greeting3 = greeting1; 
   writefln("%s",greeting3); 
}

编译并执行上述代码时,将产生如下结果:

Hello all 
Good morning 
Hello all 

字符串连接

D 编程中的字符串连接使用波浪号 (~) 符号。

示例

import std.stdio;

void main(string[] args) { 
   string greeting1 = "Good"; 
   char[] greeting2 = "morning".dup; 
   
   char[] greeting3 = greeting1~" "~greeting2; 
   writefln("%s",greeting3); 
   
   string greeting4 = "morning"; 
   string greeting5 = greeting1~" "~greeting4; 
   writefln("%s",greeting5); 
}

编译并执行上述代码时,将产生如下结果:

Good morning 
Good morning 

字符串长度

可以使用 length 函数获取字符串的字节长度。

示例

import std.stdio;  

void main(string[] args) { 
   string greeting1 = "Good"; 
   writefln("Length of string greeting1 is %d",greeting1.length); 
   
   char[] greeting2 = "morning".dup;        
   writefln("Length of string greeting2 is %d",greeting2.length); 
}

编译并执行上述代码时,将产生以下结果:

Length of string greeting1 is 4 
Length of string greeting2 is 7

字符串比较

D 编程中的字符串比较非常简单。您可以使用 ==、< 和 > 运算符进行字符串比较。

示例

import std.stdio; 
 
void main() { 
   string s1 = "Hello"; 
   string s2 = "World";
   string s3 = "World";
   
   if (s2 == s3) { 
      writeln("s2: ",s2," and S3: ",s3, "  are the same!"); 
   }
   
   if (s1 < s2) { 
      writeln("'", s1, "' comes before '", s2, "'."); 
   } else { 
      writeln("'", s2, "' comes before '", s1, "'."); 
   }
}

编译并执行上述代码时,将产生如下结果:

s2: World and S3: World are the same! 
'Hello' comes before 'World'.

替换字符串

我们可以使用 string[] 替换字符串。

示例

import std.stdio; 
import std.string; 
 
void main() {
   char[] s1 = "hello world ".dup; 
   char[] s2 = "sample".dup;
   
   s1[6..12] = s2[0..6]; 
   writeln(s1);
}

编译并执行上述代码时,将产生如下结果:

hello sample

索引方法

以下示例说明了用于查找字符串中子字符串位置的索引方法,包括 indexOf 和 lastIndexOf。

示例

import std.stdio;
import std.string;

void main() { 
   char[] s1 = "hello World ".dup; 
    
   writeln("indexOf of llo in hello is ",std.string.indexOf(s1,"llo")); 
   writeln(s1); 
   writeln("lastIndexOf of O in hello is " ,std.string.lastIndexOf(s1,"O",CaseSensitive.no));
}

编译并执行上述代码时,将产生以下结果:

indexOf.of llo in hello is 2 
hello World  
lastIndexOf of O in hello is 7

处理大小写

以下示例显示了用于更改大小写的方法。

示例

import std.stdio;
import std.string;

void main() { 
   char[] s1 = "hello World ".dup; 
   writeln("Capitalized string of s1 is ",capitalize(s1)); 
    
   writeln("Uppercase string of s1 is ",toUpper(s1)); 
    
   writeln("Lowercase string of s1 is ",toLower(s1));   
}

编译并执行上述代码时,将产生以下结果:

Capitalized string of s1 is Hello world  
Uppercase string of s1 is HELLO WORLD  
Lowercase string of s1 is hello world

限制字符

以下示例显示了如何限制字符串中的字符。

示例

import std.stdio;
import std.string;

void main() { 
   string s = "H123Hello1";  
   
   string result = munch(s, "0123456789H"); 
   writeln("Restrict trailing characters:",result);  
   
   result = squeeze(s, "0123456789H"); 
   writeln("Restrict leading characters:",result); 
   
   s = "  Hello World  "; 
   writeln("Stripping leading and trailing whitespace:",strip(s)); 
}

编译并执行上述代码时,将产生以下结果:

Restrict trailing characters:H123H 
Restrict leading characters:ello1 
Stripping leading and trailing whitespace:Hello World
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