MVC 框架 - 高级示例

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在第一章中，我们学习了控制器和视图在 MVC 中如何交互。在本教程中，我们将更进一步，学习如何使用模型并创建一个高级应用程序来创建、编辑、删除和查看应用程序中用户的列表。

创建高级 MVC 应用程序

步骤 1 - 选择文件 → 新建 → 项目 → ASP.NET MVC Web 应用程序。将其命名为 AdvancedMVCApplication。单击确定。在下一个窗口中，选择模板为 Internet 应用程序，视图引擎为 Razor。注意，这次我们使用的是模板，而不是空应用程序。

MVC New Internet Project

这将创建一个新的解决方案项目，如下面的屏幕截图所示。由于我们使用的是默认的 ASP.NET 主题，因此它包含示例视图、控制器、模型和其他文件。

MVC Model View Controller

步骤 2 - 构建解决方案并运行应用程序以查看其默认输出，如下面的屏幕截图所示。

MVC Sample Internet Application

步骤 3 - 添加一个新的模型，它将定义用户数据的结构。右键单击 Models 文件夹，然后单击添加 → 类。将其命名为 UserModel 并单击添加。

MVC Add Model Step 1

MVC Add Model Step 2

步骤 4 - 将以下代码复制到新创建的 UserModel.cs 中。

using System; 
using System.ComponentModel; 
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; 
using System.Web.Mvc.Html;  

namespace AdvancedMVCApplication.Models { 
   public class UserModels { 
   
      [Required] 
      public int Id { get; set; } 
      [DisplayName("First Name")] 
      [Required(ErrorMessage = "First name is required")] 
      public string FirstName { get; set; }  
      [Required] 
      public string LastName { get; set; } 
         
      public string Address { get; set; } 
         
      [Required] 
      [StringLength(50)] 
      public string Email { get; set; } 
         
      [DataType(DataType.Date)] 
      public DateTime DOB { get; set; } 
         
      [Range(100,1000000)] 
      public decimal Salary { get; set; } 
   } 
}

在上面的代码中，我们指定了用户模型的所有参数、它们的数据类型以及验证，例如必填字段和长度。

现在我们已经准备好用户模型来保存数据，我们将创建一个类文件 Users.cs，其中将包含查看用户、添加、编辑和删除用户的方法。

步骤 5 - 右键单击 Models 并单击添加 → 类。将其命名为 Users。这将在 Models 中创建 users.cs 类。将以下代码复制到 users.cs 类中。

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.EnterpriseServices;  

namespace AdvancedMVCApplication.Models { 
   
   public class Users { 
      public List UserList = new List();  
      
      //action to get user details 
      public UserModels GetUser(int id) { 
         UserModels usrMdl = null;  
         
         foreach (UserModels um in UserList) 
            
            if (um.Id == id) 
               usrMdl = um; 
               return usrMdl; 
      }  
      
      //action to create new user 
      public void CreateUser(UserModels userModel) { 
         UserList.Add(userModel); 
      }  
      
      //action to udpate existing user 
      public void UpdateUser(UserModels userModel) { 
         
         foreach (UserModels usrlst in UserList) { 
            
            if (usrlst.Id == userModel.Id) { 
               usrlst.Address = userModel.Address; 
               usrlst.DOB = userModel.DOB; 
               usrlst.Email = userModel.Email; 
               usrlst.FirstName = userModel.FirstName; 
               usrlst.LastName = userModel.LastName; 
               usrlst.Salary = userModel.Salary; 
               break; 
            } 
         } 
      }  
      
      //action to delete exising user 
      public void DeleteUser(UserModels userModel) { 
         
         foreach (UserModels usrlst in UserList) { 
            
            if (usrlst.Id == userModel.Id) { 
               UserList.Remove(usrlst); 
               break; 
            } 
         } 
      } 
   } 
}

一旦我们有了 UserModel.cs 和 Users.cs，我们将为我们的模型添加视图，用于查看用户、添加、编辑和删除用户。首先让我们创建一个视图来创建一个用户。

步骤 6 - 右键单击 Views 文件夹，然后单击添加 → 视图。

mvc_advanced_add_view

步骤 7 - 在下一个窗口中，选择视图名称为 UserAdd，视图引擎为 Razor，并选中“创建强类型视图”复选框。

MVC Advanced User Add View

步骤 8 - 单击添加。这将默认创建以下 CSHML 代码，如下所示：

@model AdvancedMVCApplication.Models.UserModels  

@{ 
   ViewBag.Title = "UserAdd"; 
}

<h2>UserAdd</h2>  

@using (Html.BeginForm()) { 
   @Html.ValidationSummary(true)  
   
   <fieldset> 
      <legend>UserModels</legend>  
      <div class = "editor-label"> 
         @Html.LabelFor(model => model.FirstName) 
      </div> 
   
      <div class = "editor-field"> 
         @Html.EditorFor(model => model.FirstName) 
         @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.FirstName) 
      </div>  
      
      <div class = "editor-label"> 
         @Html.LabelFor(model => model.LastName) 
      </div> 
   
      <div class = "editor-field"> 
         @Html.EditorFor(model => model.LastName) 
         @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.LastName) 
      </div>  
      
      <div class = "editor-label"> 
         @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Address) 
      </div> 
   
      <div class = "editor-field"> 
         @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Address) 
         @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Address) 
      </div>  
      
      <div class = "editor-label"> 
         @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Email)
      </div> 
   
      <div class = "editor-field"> 
         @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Email) 
         @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Email) 
      </div>  
      
      <div class = "editor-label"> 
         @Html.LabelFor(model => model.DOB) 
      </div> 
   
      <div class = "editor-field"> 
         @Html.EditorFor(model => model.DOB) 
         @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.DOB) 
      </div>  
      
      <div class = "editor-label"> 
         @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Salary) 
      </div> 
   
      <div class = "editor-field"> 
         @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Salary) 
         @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Salary) 
      </div>  
      
      <p> 
         <input type = "submit" value = "Create" /> 
      </p> 
   </fieldset> 
}  
<div> 
   @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index") 
</div>  

@section Scripts { 
   
   @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jqueryval") 
}

如您所见，此视图包含所有字段属性的视图详细信息，包括它们的验证消息、标签等。此视图在我们的最终应用程序中将如下所示。

MVC Advanced Application 1

与 UserAdd 类似，现在我们将添加下面给出的另外四个视图及其代码：

Index.cshtml

此视图将在索引页面上显示系统中存在的所有用户。

@model IEnumerable<AdvancedMVCApplication.Models.UserModels>  

@{ 
   ViewBag.Title = "Index"; 
}  

<h2>Index</h2>  

<p> 
   @Html.ActionLink("Create New", "UserAdd") 
</p>  

<table> 
   <tr> 
      <th> 
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.FirstName) 
      </th> 
   
      <th> 
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.LastName) 
      </th> 
   
      <th> 
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Address) 
      </th> 
   
      <th> 
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Email) 
      </th> 
   
      <th> 
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.DOB) 
      </th> 
   
      <th> 
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Salary) 
      </th> 
   
      <th></th>  
   </tr>  
   
   @foreach (var item in Model) { 
      <tr> 
         <td>
            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.FirstName) 
         </td> 
    
         <td> 
            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.LastName) 
         </td> 
    
         <td> 
            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Address) 
         </td> 
    
         <td> 
            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Email) 
         </td> 
    
         <td> 
            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.DOB) 
         </td> 
    
         <td> 
            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Salary) 
         </td> 
    
         <td> 
            @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id = item.Id }) | 
            @Html.ActionLink("Details", "Details", new { id = item.Id }) | 
            @Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id = item.Id }) 
         </td> 
      </tr> 
   } 
</table>

此视图在我们的最终应用程序中将如下所示。

MVC Advanced Application 2

Details.cshtml

当我们单击用户记录时，此视图将显示特定用户的详细信息。

@model AdvancedMVCApplication.Models.UserModels  

@{ 
   ViewBag.Title = "Details"; 
}  

<h2>Details</h2>  
<fieldset> 
   <legend>UserModels</legend>  
   <div class = "display-label"> 
      @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.FirstName) 
   </div> 
  
   <div class = "display-field"> 
      @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.FirstName) 
   </div>  
   
   <div class = "display-label"> 
      @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.LastName) 
   </div> 
  
   <div class = "display-field"> 
      @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.LastName)
   </div>  
   
   <div class = "display-label"> 
      @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Address) 
   </div> 
  
   <div class = "display-field"> 
      @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Address) 
   </div>  
   
   <div class = "display-label"> 
      @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Email) 
   </div> 
  
   <div class = "display-field"> 
      @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Email) 
   </div>  
    
   <div class = "display-label"> 
      @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.DOB) 
   </div> 
  
   <div class = "display-field"> 
      @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.DOB) 
   </div>  
   
   <div class = "display-label"> 
      @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Salary) 
   </div> 
  
   <div class = "display-field"> 
      @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Salary) 
   </div> 
  
</fieldset>  
<p>
   @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id = Model.Id }) | 
   @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index") 
</p>

此视图在我们的最终应用程序中将如下所示。

MVC Advanced Application Details

Edit.cshtml

此视图将显示用于编辑现有用户详细信息的编辑表单。

@model AdvancedMVCApplication.Models.UserModels  

@{ 
   ViewBag.Title = "Edit"; 
}  

<h2>Edit</h2>  
@using (Html.BeginForm()) { 
   @Html.AntiForgeryToken() 
   @Html.ValidationSummary(true)  
   
   <fieldset> 
      <legend>UserModels</legend>  
      @Html.HiddenFor(model => model.Id)  
      <div class = "editor-label"> 
         @Html.LabelFor(model => model.FirstName) 
      </div> 
   
      <div class = "editor-field"> 
         @Html.EditorFor(model => model.FirstName) 
         @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.FirstName) 
      </div>  
      
      <div class = "editor-label"> 
         @Html.LabelFor(model => model.LastName) 
      </div> 
   
      <div class = "editor-field"> 
         @Html.EditorFor(model => model.LastName) 
         @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.LastName) 
      </div>  
      
      <div class = "editor-label"> 
         @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Address) 
      </div> 
   
      <div class = "editor-field"> 
         @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Address) 
         @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Address) 
      </div>  
      
      <div class = "editor-label"> 
         @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Email) 
      </div> 
   
      <div class = "editor-field"> 
         @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Email) 
         @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Email) 
      </div>  
      
      <div class = "editor-label"> 
         @Html.LabelFor(model => model.DOB)
      </div> 
   
      <div class = "editor-field"> 
         @Html.EditorFor(model => model.DOB) 
         @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.DOB) 
      </div>  
      
      <div class = "editor-label"> 
         @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Salary) 
      </div> 
   
      <div class = "editor-field"> 
         @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Salary) 
         @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Salary) 
      </div>  
      
      <p> 
         <input type = "submit" value = "Save" /> 
      </p> 
   </fieldset> 
}  
<div> 
   @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index") 
</div>  

@section Scripts { 
   @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jqueryval") 
}

此视图在我们的应用程序中将如下所示。

MVC Advanced Application Details

Delete.cshtml

此视图将显示用于删除现有用户的表单。

@model AdvancedMVCApplication.Models.UserModels  

@{ 
   ViewBag.Title = "Delete"; 
} 

<h2>Delete</h2>  
<h3>Are you sure you want to delete this?</h3>  
<fieldset> 
   <legend>UserModels</legend>  
   <div class = "display-label"> 
      @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.FirstName) 
   </div> 
  
   <div class = "display-field"> 
      @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.FirstName) 
   </div>  
   
   <div class = "display-label"> 
      @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.LastName) 
   </div> 
  
   <div class = "display-field"> 
      @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.LastName) 
   </div>  
   
   <div class = "display-label"> 
      @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Address) 
   </div> 
  
   <div class = "display-field"> 
      @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Address) 
   </div>  
   
   <div class = "display-label"> 
      @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Email) 
   </div> 
  
   <div class = "display-field"> 
      @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Email) 
   </div>  
   
   <div class = "display-label"> 
      @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.DOB) 
   </div> 
  
   <div class = "display-field"> 
      @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.DOB) 
   </div>  
   
   <div class = "display-label"> 
      @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Salary)
   </div> 
  
   <div class = "display-field"> 
      @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Salary) 
   </div> 
</fieldset>  

@using (Html.BeginForm()) { 
   @Html.AntiForgeryToken() 
   
   <p> 
      <input type = "submit" value = "Delete" /> | 
      @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index") 
   </p> 
}

此视图在我们的最终应用程序中将如下所示。

MVC advanced Application Details Delete

步骤 9 - 我们已经在应用程序中添加了模型和视图。现在，我们最终将为我们的视图添加一个控制器。右键单击 Controllers 文件夹，然后单击添加 → 控制器。将其命名为 UserController。

MVC Advanced Add Controller

默认情况下，您的控制器类将使用以下代码创建：

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Web; 
using System.Web.Mvc; 
using AdvancedMVCApplication.Models;  

namespace AdvancedMVCApplication.Controllers {  
   
   public class UserController : Controller { 
      private static Users _users = new Users(); 
      
      public ActionResult Index() { 
         return View(_users.UserList); 
      } 
   } 
}

在上面的代码中，Index 方法将在渲染索引页面上的用户列表时使用。

步骤 10 - 右键单击 Index 方法并选择创建视图，为我们的索引页面创建视图（它将列出所有用户并提供创建新用户的选项）。

MVC Advanced add Index View

步骤 11 - 现在在 UserController.cs 中添加以下代码。在此代码中，我们正在为不同的用户操作创建操作方法，并返回我们之前创建的相应视图。

我们将为每个操作添加两种方法：GET 和 POST。HttpGet 将用于获取数据并呈现数据。HttpPost 将用于创建/更新数据。例如，当我们添加新用户时，我们需要一个表单来添加用户，这是一个 GET 操作。一旦我们填写表单并提交这些值，我们就需要 POST 方法。

//Action for Index View  
public ActionResult Index() { 
   return View(_users.UserList); 
}  

//Action for UserAdd View 
[HttpGet] 
public ActionResult UserAdd() { 
   return View(); 
}  

[HttpPost] 
public ActionResult UserAdd(UserModels userModel) { 
   _users.CreateUser(userModel); 
   return View("Index", _users.UserList); 
}  

//Action for Details View 
[HttpGet] 
public ActionResult Details(int id) { 
   return View(_users.UserList.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id)); 
}  

[HttpPost] 
public ActionResult Details() { 
   return View("Index", _users.UserList); 
}  

//Action for Edit View 
[HttpGet] 
public ActionResult Edit(int id) { 
   return View(_users.UserList.FirstOrDefault(x=>x.Id==id)); 
} 

[HttpPost] 
public ActionResult Edit(UserModels userModel) { 
   _users.UpdateUser(userModel); 
   return View("Index", _users.UserList); 
} 
        
//Action for Delete View 
[HttpGet] 
public ActionResult Delete(int id) { 
   return View(_users.UserList.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id)); 
}  

[HttpPost] 
public ActionResult Delete(UserModels userModel) { 
   _users.DeleteUser(userModel); 
   return View("Index", _users.UserList); 
} sers.UserList);

步骤 12 - 最后要做的是转到 App_Start 文件夹中的 RouteConfig.cs 文件并将默认控制器更改为 User。

defaults: new { controller = "User", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }

这就是使我们的高级应用程序运行所需的一切。

步骤 13 - 现在运行应用程序。您将能够看到一个应用程序，如下面的屏幕截图所示。您可以执行添加、查看、编辑和删除用户的所有功能，就像我们在之前的屏幕截图中看到的那样。

MVC Advanced Add Index Final
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