MVVM – 单元测试

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单元测试的理念是将代码的离散块（单元）提取出来，编写测试方法以预期的方式使用这些代码，然后测试它们是否获得预期结果。

  • 单元测试本身也是代码，与项目的其余部分一样进行编译。

  • 它们也由测试运行软件执行，该软件可以快速完成每个测试，有效地给出赞成或反对的意见，以分别指示测试是否通过或失败。

让我们看一下之前创建的一个示例。以下是学生模型的实现。

using System.ComponentModel;

namespace MVVMDemo.Model {
 
   public class StudentModel {}
	
   public class Student : INotifyPropertyChanged { 
      private string firstName; 
      private string lastName;

      public string FirstName { 
         get { return firstName; }
			
         set { 
            if (firstName != value) { 
               firstName = value; 
               RaisePropertyChanged("FirstName");
               RaisePropertyChanged("FullName"); 
            } 
         }
      }

      public string LastName { 
         get { return lastName; } 
			
         set { 
            if (lastName != value) { 
               lastName = value; 
               RaisePropertyChanged("LastName");
               RaisePropertyChanged("FullName");
            } 
         } 
      }

      public string FullName { 
         get { 
            return firstName + " " + lastName; 
         } 
      }

      public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

      private void RaisePropertyChanged(string property) { 
         if (PropertyChanged != null) { 
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(property)); 
         } 
      } 
   } 
}

以下是 StudentView 的实现。

<UserControl x:Class="MVVMDemo.Views.StudentView" 
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
   xmlns:d = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo.Views" 
   xmlns:viewModel = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo.ViewModel" 
   xmlns:data = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo.Model" 
   xmlns:vml = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo.VML" 
   vml:ViewModelLocator.AutoHookedUpViewModel = "True" 
   mc:Ignorable = "d" 
   d:DesignHeight = "300" d:DesignWidth = "300">

   <UserControl.Resources> 
      <DataTemplate DataType = "{x:Type data:Student}"> 
		
         <StackPanel Orientation = "Horizontal"> 
            <TextBox Text = "{Binding Path = FirstName, Mode = TwoWay}" 
               Width = "100" Margin = "3 5 3 5"/> 
					
            <TextBox Text = "{Binding Path = LastName, Mode = TwoWay}" 
               Width = "100" Margin = "0 5 3 5"/> 
					
            <TextBlock Text = "{Binding Path = FullName, Mode = OneWay}" 
               Margin = "0 5 3 5"/> 
         </StackPanel> 
			
      </DataTemplate> 
   </UserControl.Resources>

   <Grid> 
      <StackPanel Orientation = "Horizontal"> 
         <ListBox ItemsSource = "{Binding Students}"
            SelectedItem = "{Binding SelectedStudent}"/> 
				
         <Button Content = "Delete" 
            Command = "{Binding DeleteCommand}" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            VerticalAlignment = "Top" 
            Width = "75" /> 
      </StackPanel> 
   </Grid>

</UserControl>

以下是 StudentViewModel 的实现。

using MVVMDemo.Model;
 
using System.Collections.ObjectModel; 
using System.Windows.Input; 
using System;

namespace MVVMDemo.ViewModel { 

   public class StudentViewModel { 
	
      public MyICommand DeleteCommand { get; set;}
		
      public StudentViewModel() { 
         LoadStudents(); 
         DeleteCommand = new MyICommand(OnDelete, CanDelete); 
      }

      public ObservableCollection<Student> Students { 
         get; 
         set; 
      }

      public void LoadStudents() { 
         ObservableCollection<Student> students = new ObservableCollection<Student>();

         students.Add(new Student { FirstName = "Mark", LastName = "Allain" }); 
         students.Add(new Student { FirstName = "Allen", LastName = "Brown" }); 
         students.Add(new Student { FirstName = "Linda", LastName = "Hamerski" });
			
         Students = students; 
      } 
		
      private Student _selectedStudent; 
		
      public Student SelectedStudent { 
         get { 
            return _selectedStudent; 
         } 
			
         set { 
            _selectedStudent = value;
            DeleteCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged(); 
         } 
      } 
		
      private void OnDelete() { 
         Students.Remove(SelectedStudent); 
      }

      private bool CanDelete() { 
         return SelectedStudent != null; 
      }
		
      public int GetStudentCount() { 
         return Students.Count; 
      } 
   } 
}

以下是 MainWindow.xaml 文件。

<Window x:Class = "MVVMDemo.MainWindow" 
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 
   xmlns:d = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo" 
   xmlns:views = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo.Views" 
   mc:Ignorable = "d" 
   Title = "MainWindow" Height = "350" Width = "525">

   <Grid> 
      <views:StudentView x:Name = "StudentViewControl"/> 
   </Grid>
 
</Window>

以下是 MyICommand 的实现，它实现了 ICommand 接口。

using System; 
using System.Windows.Input;

namespace MVVMDemo { 

   public class MyICommand : ICommand { 
      Action _TargetExecuteMethod; 
      Func<bool> _TargetCanExecuteMethod;

      public MyICommand(Action executeMethod) { 
         _TargetExecuteMethod = executeMethod; 
      }

      public MyICommand(Action executeMethod, Func<bool> canExecuteMethod) { 
         _TargetExecuteMethod = executeMethod;
         _TargetCanExecuteMethod = canExecuteMethod; 
      }

      public void RaiseCanExecuteChanged() {
         CanExecuteChanged(this, EventArgs.Empty); 
      }
		
      bool ICommand.CanExecute(object parameter) { 
		
         if (_TargetCanExecuteMethod != null) { 
            return _TargetCanExecuteMethod();
         } 
			
         if (_TargetExecuteMethod != null) { 
            return true; 
         } 
			
         return false; 
      }
		
      // Beware - should use weak references if command instance lifetime
         is longer than lifetime of UI objects that get hooked up to command
			
      // Prism commands solve this in their implementation
		
      public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged = delegate { };

      void ICommand.Execute(object parameter) { 
         if (_TargetExecuteMethod != null) { 
            _TargetExecuteMethod(); 
         } 
      } 
   }
}

编译并执行上述代码后，您将在主窗口上看到以下输出。

MVVM Unit Testing MainWindow

要为上述示例编写单元测试，让我们向解决方案添加一个新的测试项目。

Add New Project

通过右键单击“引用”添加对项目的引用。

Add New References

选择现有项目并单击“确定”。

Reference Manager MVVM Test

现在让我们添加一个简单的测试，它将检查如下代码所示的学生数量。

using System; 

using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting; 
using MVVMDemo.ViewModel;

namespace MVVMTest { 
   [TestClass] 
	
   public class UnitTest1 { 
      [TestMethod] 
		
      public void TestMethod1() { 
         StudentViewModel sViewModel = new StudentViewModel(); 
         int count = sViewModel.GetStudentCount();
         Assert.IsTrue(count == 3); 
      } 
   } 
}

要执行此测试，请选择“测试”→“运行”→“所有测试”菜单选项。

Execute MVVM Test

您可以在测试资源管理器中看到测试已通过，因为在 StudentViewModel 中添加了三个学生。将计数条件从 3 更改为 4，如下面的代码所示。

using System; 

using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting; 
using MVVMDemo.ViewModel;

namespace MVVMTest { 
   [TestClass] 
	
   public class UnitTest1 { 
      [TestMethod] public void TestMethod1() {
         StudentViewModel sViewModel = new StudentViewModel(); 
         int count = sViewModel.GetStudentCount();
         Assert.IsTrue(count == 4);
      } 
   } 
}

再次执行测试计划后，您将看到测试失败，因为学生数量不等于 4。

MVVM Test Failed

我们建议您以分步方法执行上述示例，以更好地理解。

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