用 C++ 编程打印二叉树中第一个最短的根到叶子路径。
在给定的二叉树中,程序必须找出一条最短的根到叶路径。
由于我们是从左到右遍历这棵树,因此,如果从根到叶有多条最短路径,那么程序将打印从树的左侧遍历到的第一条最短路径。
我们可以使用一个队列,用层次遍历遍历每一层,而层数最少的路径将被打印出来,因为它是从根到叶的最短路径
在上面的树中,从根到叶的多条路径为
10 -> 3 (this one is the shortest path amongst all) 10 -> 211 -> 100 10 -> 211 -> 146
示例
Input : 10 3 211 100 146 Output : 10 3
算法
Step 1 -> create a structure of a node as struct node struct node *left, *right int data End Step 2 -> function to create a node node* newnode(int data) node *temp = new node temp->data = data temp->left = temp->right= NULL return temp Step 3 -> create function for calculating path void path(int data, unordered_map <int,int> prnt) IF prnt[data] = data Return End path(prnt[data], prnt) print prnt[data] step 4 -> function for finding out the left path void left(Node* root) create STL queue<Node*> que que.push(root) int leaf = -1 Node* temp = NULL Create STL unordered_map<int, int> prnt prnt[root->data] = root->data Loop While !que.empty() temp = que.front() que.pop() IF !temp->left && !temp->right leaf = temp->data break End Else IF temp->left que.push(temp->left) prnt[temp->left->data] = temp->data End IF temp->right que.push(temp->right) prnt[temp->right->data] = temp->data End End End path(leaf, prnt) print leaf Step 5 -> In main() Create tree using Node* root = newnode(90) root->left = newnode(21) call left(root) stop
Explore our latest online courses and learn new skills at your own pace. Enroll and become a certified expert to boost your career.
示例
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // structure of a node struct Node { struct Node *left,*right; int data; }; //function to create a new node Node* newnode(int data){ Node* temp = new Node; temp->data = data; temp->left = NULL; temp->right = NULL; return temp; } //function to set a path void path(int data, unordered_map <int,int> prnt) { if (prnt[data] == data) return; path(prnt[data], prnt); cout << prnt[data] << " "; } //function for a leaf path void left(Node* root) { queue<Node*> que; que.push(root); int leaf = -1; Node* temp = NULL; unordered_map<int, int> prnt; prnt[root->data] = root->data; while (!que.empty()){ temp = que.front(); que.pop(); if (!temp->left && !temp->right{ leaf = temp->data; break; } else { if (temp->left){ que.push(temp->left); prnt[temp->left->data] = temp->data; } if (temp->right){ que.push(temp->right); prnt[temp->right->data] = temp->data; } } } path(leaf, prnt); cout << leaf << " "; } int main(){ Node* root = newnode(90); root->left = newnode(21); root->right = newnode(32); root->left->left = newnode(45); root->right->left = newnode(52); root->right->right = newnode(27); root->left->left->left = newnode(109); root->left->left->right = newnode(101); root->right->right->left = newnode(78); left(root); return 0; }
输出
如果我们运行以上程序,则会生成以下输出
90 32 52
广告