Python SQLite - 排序

使用 SELECT 查询获取数据时，您将按照插入数据的顺序获得记录。

您可以使用Order By子句按所需顺序（升序或降序）对结果进行排序。默认情况下，此子句按升序对结果进行排序，如果您需要按降序排列它们，则需要显式使用“DESC”。

语法

以下是 SQLite 中 ORDER BY 子句的语法。

SELECT column-list
FROM table_name
[WHERE condition]
[ORDER BY column1, column2, .. columnN] [ASC | DESC];

示例

假设我们使用以下查询创建了一个名为 CRICKETERS 的表：

sqlite> CREATE TABLE CRICKETERS (
   First_Name VARCHAR(255),
   Last_Name VARCHAR(255),
   Age int,
   Place_Of_Birth VARCHAR(255),
   Country VARCHAR(255)
);
sqlite>

如果我们使用 INSERT 语句向其中插入了 5 条记录，如下所示：

sqlite> insert into CRICKETERS values('Shikhar', 'Dhawan', 33, 'Delhi', 'India');
sqlite> insert into CRICKETERS values('Jonathan', 'Trott', 38, 'CapeTown', 'SouthAfrica');
sqlite> insert into CRICKETERS values('Kumara', 'Sangakkara', 41, 'Matale', 'Srilanka');
sqlite> insert into CRICKETERS values('Virat', 'Kohli', 30, 'Delhi', 'India');
sqlite> insert into CRICKETERS values('Rohit', 'Sharma', 32, 'Nagpur', 'India');
sqlite>

以下 SELECT 语句按其年龄的升序检索 CRICKETERS 表的行：

sqlite> SELECT * FROM CRICKETERS ORDER BY AGE;
First_Name Last_Name  Age  Place_Of_B Country
---------- ---------- ---- ---------- -------------
Virat      Kohli      30   Delhi      India
Rohit      Sharma     32   Nagpur     India
Shikhar    Dhawan     33   Delhi      India
Jonathan   Trott      38   CapeTown   SouthAfrica
Kumara     Sangakkara 41   Matale     Srilanka
sqlite>

您可以使用多个列对表的记录进行排序。以下 SELECT 语句根据AGE和FIRST_NAME列对 CRICKETERS 表的记录进行排序。

sqlite> SELECT * FROM CRICKETERS ORDER BY AGE, FIRST_NAME;
First_Name Last_Name  Age  Place_Of_B Country
---------- ---------- ---- ---------- -------------
Virat      Kohli      30   Delhi      India
Rohit      Sharma     32   Nagpur     India
Shikhar    Dhawan     33   Delhi      India
Jonathan   Trott      38   CapeTown   SouthAfrica
Kumara     Sangakkara 41   Matale     Srilanka
sqlite>

默认情况下，ORDER BY子句按升序对表的记录进行排序，您可以使用 DESC 按降序排列结果，如下所示：

sqlite> SELECT * FROM CRICKETERS ORDER BY AGE DESC;
First_Name Last_Name  Age  Place_Of_B Country
---------- ---------- ---- ---------- -------------
Kumara     Sangakkara 41   Matale     Srilanka
Jonathan   Trott      38   CapeTown   SouthAfrica
Shikhar    Dhawan     33   Delhi      India
Rohit      Sharma     32   Nagpur     India
Virat      Kohli      30   Delhi      India
sqlite>

使用 python 的 ORDER BY 子句

要按特定顺序检索表的内容，请在游标对象上调用 execute() 方法，并将 SELECT 语句以及 ORDER BY 子句作为参数传递给它。

示例

在以下示例中，我们正在创建一个名为 name 和 Employee 的表，填充它，并使用 ORDER BY 子句按其年龄的（升序）顺序检索其记录。

import psycopg2

#establishing the connection
conn = psycopg2.connect(
   database="mydb", user='postgres', password='password', host='127.0.0.1', port= '5432'
)
#Setting auto commit false
conn.autocommit = True

#Creating a cursor object using the cursor() method
cursor = conn.cursor()

#Doping EMPLOYEE table if already exists.
cursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS EMPLOYEE")

#Creating a table
sql = '''CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(
FIRST_NAME CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
   LAST_NAME CHAR(20),
   AGE INT, SEX CHAR(1),
   INCOME INT,
   CONTACT INT
)'''
cursor.execute(sql)

#Populating the table
#Populating the table
cursor.execute('''INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE
   (FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, AGE, SEX, INCOME) VALUES 
   ('Ramya', 'Rama priya', 27, 'F', 9000),
   ('Vinay', 'Battacharya', 20, 'M', 6000), 
   ('Sharukh', 'Sheik', 25, 'M', 8300), 
   ('Sarmista', 'Sharma', 26, 'F', 10000),
   ('Tripthi', 'Mishra', 24, 'F', 6000)''')
conn.commit()

#Retrieving specific records using the ORDER BY clause
cursor.execute("SELECT * from EMPLOYEE ORDER BY AGE")
print(cursor.fetchall())

#Commit your changes in the database
conn.commit()

#Closing the connection
conn.close()

输出

[('Vinay', 'Battacharya', 20, 'M', 6000, None),
   ('Tripthi', 'Mishra', 24, 'F', 6000, None),
   ('Sharukh', 'Sheik', 25, 'M', 8300, None),
   ('Sarmista', 'Sharma', 26, 'F', 10000, None),
   ('Ramya', 'Rama priya', 27, 'F', 9000, None)]

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