ES6 - HTML DOM
每个网页都位于浏览器窗口内，浏览器窗口可以被视为一个对象。
一个文档对象代表显示在该窗口中的 HTML 文档。文档对象具有各种属性，这些属性引用其他对象，从而允许访问和修改文档内容。
访问和修改文档内容的方式称为文档对象模型，或DOM。这些对象以层次结构组织。这种层次结构适用于网页文档中对象的组织。
以下是一些重要对象的简单层次结构：
目前存在多个 DOM。以下部分将详细解释每个 DOM，并描述如何使用它们来访问和修改文档内容。
传统 DOM - 这是在早期版本的 JavaScript 语言中引入的模型。它受到所有浏览器的良好支持，但只能访问文档的某些关键部分，例如表单、表单元素和图像。
W3C DOM - 此文档对象模型允许访问和修改所有文档内容，并由万维网联盟 (W3C) 标准化。该模型几乎受到所有现代浏览器的支持。
IE4 DOM - 此文档对象模型是在 Microsoft Internet Explorer 浏览器的版本 4 中引入的。IE 5 及更高版本支持大多数基本的 W3C DOM 功能。
传统 DOM
这是在早期版本的 JavaScript 语言中引入的模型。它受到所有浏览器的良好支持，但只能访问文档的某些关键部分，例如表单、表单元素和图像。
此模型提供了一些只读属性，例如 title、URL 和 lastModified，这些属性提供有关整个文档的信息。除此之外，此模型还提供了各种方法，可用于设置和获取文档属性值。
传统 DOM 中的文档属性
以下是可以使用传统 DOM 访问的文档属性列表。
| 序号 |
属性及说明 |
| 1 |
alinkColor
已弃用 - 指定活动链接颜色的字符串。
示例：document.alinkColor
|
| 2 |
anchors[ ]
锚点对象的数组，每个锚点在文档中出现一个。
示例：document.anchors[0]、document.anchors[1] 等等
|
| 3 |
applets[ ]
小程序对象的数组，每个小程序在文档中出现一个。
示例：document.applets[0]、document.applets[1] 等等
|
| 4 |
bgColor
已弃用 - 指定文档背景颜色的字符串。
示例：document.bgColor
|
| 5 |
Cookie
具有特殊行为的字符串值属性，允许查询和设置与此文档关联的 Cookie。
示例：document.cookie
|
| 6 |
Domain
指定文档来源的互联网域名的字符串。用于安全目的。
示例：document.domain
|
| 7 |
embeds[ ]
表示使用
示例：document.embeds[0]、document.embeds[1] 等等
|
| 8 |
fgColor
指定文档默认文本颜色的字符串。
示例：document.fgColor
|
| 9 |
forms[ ]
表单对象的数组，文档中每个 HTML 表单出现一个。
示例：document.forms[0]、document.forms[1] 等等
|
| 10 |
images[ ]
表单对象的数组，文档中每个带有 HTML ![]() 标记的 HTML 表单出现一个。
示例：document.forms[0]、document.forms[1] 等等
|
| 11 |
lastModified
指定文档最近更改日期的只读字符串。
示例：document.lastModified
|
| 12 |
linkColor
已弃用 - 指定未访问链接颜色的字符串。
示例：document.linkColor
|
| 13 |
links[ ]
这是一个文档链接数组。
示例：document.links[0]、document.links[1] 等等
|
| 14 |
Location
文档的 URL。已弃用，推荐使用 URL 属性。
示例：document.location
|
| 15 |
plugins[ ]
embeds[ ] 的同义词
示例：document.plugins[0]、document.plugins[1] 等等
|
| 16 |
Referrer
一个只读字符串，包含当前文档链接到的文档（如果有）的 URL。
示例：document.referrer
|
| 17 |
Title
标记的文本内容。</p>
<p><b>示例</b>：document.title</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">18</td>
<td>
<p><b>URL</b></p>
<p>指定文档 URL 的只读字符串。</p>
<p><b>示例</b>：document.URL</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">19</td>
<td>
<p><b>vlinkColor</b></p>
<p>已弃用 - 指定已访问链接颜色的字符串。</p>
<p><b>示例</b>：document.vlinkColor</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div>
<h2>传统 DOM 中的文档方法</h2>
<p>以下是传统 DOM 支持的方法列表。</p>
<div class="table-wrapper"><table class="table table-bordered">
<tbody><tr>
<th style="width:5%">序号</th>
<th style="text-align:center">属性及说明</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">1</td>
<td>
<p><b>clear( )</b></p>
<p>已弃用 - 清除文档内容并返回空。</p>
<p><b>示例</b>：document.clear( )</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">2</td>
<td>
<p><b>close( )</b></p>
<p>关闭使用 open( ) 方法打开的文档流并返回空。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">3</td>
<td>
<p><b>open( )</b></p>
<p>删除现有文档内容并打开一个流，新文档内容可以写入该流。返回空。</p>
<p><b>示例</b>：document.open( )</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">4</td>
<td>
<p><b>write( value, ...)</b></p>
<p>将指定的字符串插入到当前正在解析的文档中，或追加到使用 open( ) 打开的文档中。返回空。</p>
<p><b>示例</b>：document.write( value, ...)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">5</td>
<td>
<p><b>writeln( value, ...)</b></p>
<p>与 write( ) 相同，只是它将换行符追加到输出中。返回空。</p>
<p><b>示例</b>：document.writeln( value, ...)</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div>
<p>我们可以使用 HTML DOM 找到任何 HTML 文档中的任何 HTML 元素。例如，如果网页文档包含表单元素，则可以使用 JavaScript 将其称为 document.forms[0]。如果您的网页文档包含两个表单元素，则第一个表单称为 document.forms[0]，第二个表单称为 document.forms[1]。</p>
<p>使用上面给出的层次结构和属性，我们可以使用 document.forms[0].elements[0] 等访问第一个表单元素。</p>
<h3>示例</h3>
<p>以下是如何使用传统 DOM 方法访问文档属性的示例。</p>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate"><html>
<head>
<title> Document Title </title>
<script type = "text/javascript">
<!--
function myFunc() {
var ret = document.title;
alert("Document Title : " + ret );
var ret = document.URL;
alert("Document URL : " + ret );
var ret = document.forms[0];
alert("Document First Form : " + ret );
var ret = document.forms[0].elements[1];
alert("Second element : " + ret );
} //
-->
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1 id = "title">This is main title</h1>
<p>Click the following to see the result:</p>
<form name = "FirstForm">
<input type = "button" value = "Click Me" onclick = "myFunc();" />
<input type = "button" value = "Cancel">
</form>
<form name = "SecondForm">
<input type = "button" value = "Don't ClickMe"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
</pre>
<h3>输出</h3>
<p>在上述代码成功执行后，将显示以下输出。</p>
<img class="center" src="/es6/images/legacy_dom_method.jpg" alt="legacy dom method">
<p><b>注意</b> - 此示例返回表单和元素的对象。我们将必须使用本教程中未讨论的那些对象属性来访问它们的值。</p>
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