Behave - 背景



添加背景是为了将一组步骤组合在一起。它类似于场景。我们可以使用背景为多个场景添加上下文。它在功能的每个场景之前运行,但在执行 before 钩子之后。

背景通常用于执行前提条件,例如登录场景或数据库连接等。

可以添加背景描述以提高人类可读性。它在一个功能文件中只能出现一次,并且必须在场景或场景大纲之前声明。

不应使用背景来创建复杂的状态(除非无法避免)。此部分应简短而准确。此外,我们应该避免在一个功能文件中包含大量场景。

包含背景的功能文件

名为“支付流程”的功能的包含背景的功能文件如下所示:

Feature − Payment Process
   Background:
      Given launch application
      Then Input credentials
   Scenario − Credit card transaction
      Given user is on credit card payment screen
      Then user should be able to complete credit card payment
   Scenario − Debit card transaction
      Given user is on debit card payment screen
      Then user should be able to complete debit card payment

相应的步骤实现文件

文件如下所示:

from behave import *
@given('launch application')
def launch_application(context):
   print('launch application')
@then('Input credentials')
def input_credentials(context):
   print('Input credentials')
@given('user is on credit card payment screen')
def credit_card_pay(context):
   print('User is on credit card payment screen')
@then('user should be able to complete credit card payment')
def credit_card_pay_comp(context):
   print('user should be able to complete credit card pay')
@given('user is on debit card payment screen')
def debit_card_pay(context):
   print('User is on debit card payment screen')
@then('user should be able to complete debit card payment')
def debit_card_pay_comp(context):
   print('user should be able to complete debit card payment')

输出

运行功能文件后获得的输出如下所示,此处使用的命令为behave --no-capture -f plain

Feature File with Background

接下来的输出如下:

Background

输出显示背景步骤(Given 启动应用程序 & Then 输入凭据)在每个场景之前运行两次。

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