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法律研究如何显示Linux系统的历史和统计运行时间
系统管理员的重要工作之一是监控并检查Linux系统运行了多长时间。持续跟踪Linux系统的运行时间对于优化系统资源是一个好主意。本文介绍了**Tuptime工具**，它可以帮助系统管理员了解Linux机器运行了多长时间。
Tuptime工具用于报告Linux系统的历史和统计运行时间（**uptime**），它在系统重启之间跟踪运行时间。
功能
- 注册首次启动时间
- 跟踪系统启动
- 统计系统关机次数
- 计算运行时间和停机时间
- 计算最大、平均、最小运行时间和停机时间
- 打印当前运行时间
安装Tuptime工具
要安装Tuptime工具，需要满足以下预安装要求：
- 已安装Python 2.7或3.X，但建议使用最新版本。
- Python 模块 (sys, os, optparse, sqlite3, datetime, locale, platform, subprocess, time)。
- Linux操作系统
要在Linux上查找已安装的python，请使用以下命令：
$ apt-cache search python | egrep "^python2.[0-9] " --color
示例输出应如下所示：
python2.7 - Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 2.7)
如果您的系统没有安装python，请使用以下命令安装python：
$ sudo apt-get install python2.7
示例输出应如下所示：
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: python3.1-minimal Suggested packages: python3.1-doc python3.1-profiler The following NEW packages will be installed: python3.1 python3.1-minimal 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 13 not upgraded. Need to get 5,444 kB of archives. After this operation, 19.9 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Get:1 http://debian.osuosl.org/debian/ squeeze/main python3.1-minimal amd64 3.1.3-1 [1,669 kB] Get:2 http://debian.osuosl.org/debian/ squeeze/main python3.1 amd64 3.1.3-1 [3,775 kB] Fetched 5,444 kB in 27s (201 kB/s) ...........................
要从**git**克隆**Tuptime**存储库，请使用以下命令：
$ cd /tmp $ git clone https://github.com/rfrail3/tuptime.git $ ls $ cd tuptime $ ls
示例输出应如下所示：
~$ cd /tmp /tmp$ git clone https://github.com/rfrail3/tuptime.git Cloning into 'tuptime'... remote: Counting objects: 2171, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (34/34), done. remote: Total 2171 (delta 21), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 2137 Receiving objects: 100% (2171/2171), 749.33 KiB | 296.00 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (1056/1056), done. Checking connectivity... done. /tmp$ ls aptdaemon-A0RrYd sni-qt_vlc_15046-UFPBar unity_support_test.0 config-err-X4Efq6 sni-qt_vlc_15117-3D0jOa orbit-linux tuptime /tmp$ cd tuptime /tmp/tuptime$ ls CHANGELOG LICENSE scripts tuptime-install.sh debian README.md src tuptime-manual.txt
安装**tuptime-install.sh**，如下所示：
# chmod +x tuptime-install.sh # ./tuptime-install.sh
示例输出应如下所示：
Tuptime installation script Clonning repository... Cloning into '/tmp/tmp.P6j2npOJVU'... remote: Counting objects: 2171, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (34/34), done. remote: Total 2171 (delta 21), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 2137 Receiving objects: 100% (2171/2171), 749.33 KiB | 318.00 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (1056/1056), done. Checking connectivity... done. Copying files... Creating tuptime user... Creating tuptime db Setting tuptime db ownership Executing tuptime with tuptime user for testing Copying init debian file... update-rc.d: warning: default start runlevel arguments (2 3 4 5) do not match tuptime Default-Start values (1 2 3 4 5) update-rc.d: warning: default stop runlevel arguments (0 1 6) do not match tuptime Default-Stop values (0 6) ....................................
使用Tuptime
要运行**Tuptime**，请使用以下命令：
# tuptime
示例输出应如下所示：
System startups: 1 since 12:16:47 Tuesday 08 March 2016 System shutdowns: 0 ok - 0 bad System uptime: 100.0 % - 1 day, 2 hours, 18 minutes and 8 seconds System downtime: 0.0 % - 0 seconds System life: 1 day, 2 hours, 18 minutes and 8 seconds Largest uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 18 minutes and 8 seconds from 12:16:47 Tuesday 08 March 2016 Shortest uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 18 minutes and 8 seconds from 12:16:47 Tuesday 08 March 2016 Average uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 18 minutes and 8 seconds Largest downtime: 0 seconds Shortest downtime: 0 seconds Average downtime: 0 seconds Current uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 18 minutes and 8 seconds since 12:16:47 Tuesday 08 March 2016
要显示包含日期和时间的输出，请使用以下命令：
# tuptime --date='%H:%M:%S %d-%m-%Y'
示例输出应如下所示：
System startups: 1 since 12:16:47 08-03-2016 System shutdowns: 0 ok - 0 bad System uptime: 100.0 % - 1 day, 2 hours, 19 minutes and 41 seconds System downtime: 0.0 % - 0 seconds System life: 1 day, 2 hours, 19 minutes and 41 seconds Largest uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 19 minutes and 41 seconds from 12:16:47 08-03-2016 Shortest uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 19 minutes and 41 seconds from 12:16:47 08-03-2016 Average uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 19 minutes and 41 seconds Largest downtime: 0 seconds Shortest downtime: 0 seconds Average downtime: 0 seconds Current uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 19 minutes and 41 seconds since 12:16:47 08-03-2016
要将系统文件打印为列表，请使用以下命令：
# tuptime --list
示例输出应如下所示：
Startup: 1 at 12:16:47 Tuesday 08 March 2016 Uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 21 minutes and 8 seconds
要创建一个替代数据库文件来存储**Tuptime**日志，如下所示：
# tuptime --filedb /tmp/tuptime_testdb.db
示例输出应如下所示：
System startups: 1 since 12:16:47 Tuesday 08 March 2016 System shutdowns: 0 ok - 0 bad System uptime: 100.0 % - 1 day, 2 hours, 22 minutes and 36 seconds System downtime: 0.0 % - 0 seconds System life: 1 day, 2 hours, 22 minutes and 36 seconds Largest uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 22 minutes and 36 seconds from 12:16:47 Tuesday 08 March 2016 Shortest uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 22 minutes and 36 seconds from 12:16:47 Tuesday 08 March 2016 Average uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 22 minutes and 36 seconds Largest downtime: 0 seconds Shortest downtime: 0 seconds Average downtime: 0 seconds Current uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 22 minutes and 36 seconds since 12:16:47 Tuesday 08 March 2016
要获取关于最终状态关机的信息，请使用以下命令：
# tuptime --end --table
示例输出应如下所示：
No. Startup Date Uptime Shutdown Date End Downtime 1 12:16:47 Tuesday 08 March 2016 1 day, 2 hours, 23 minutes and 42 seconds
要打印**内核**信息，请使用以下命令：
# tuptime --kernel
示例输出应如下所示：
System startups: 1 since 12:16:47 Tuesday 08 March 2016 System shutdowns: 0 ok - 0 bad System uptime: 100.0 % - 1 day, 2 hours, 25 minutes and 4 seconds System downtime: 0.0 % - 0 seconds System life: 1 day, 2 hours, 25 minutes and 4 seconds System kernels: 1 Largest uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 25 minutes and 4 seconds from 12:16:47 Tuesday 08 March 2016 ...with kernel: Linux-4.2.0-30-generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-14.04-trusty Shortest uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 25 minutes and 4 seconds from 12:16:47 Tuesday 08 March 2016 ...with kernel: Linux-4.2.0-30-generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-14.04-trusty Average uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 25 minutes and 4 seconds Largest downtime: 0 seconds ...with kernel: None Shortest downtime: 0 seconds ...with kernel: None Average downtime: 0 seconds Current uptime: 1 day, 2 hours, 25 minutes and 4 seconds since 12:16:47 Tuesday 08 March 2016 ...with kernel: Linux-4.2.0-30-generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-14.04-trusty
要获取**Tuptime**帮助信息，请使用以下命令：
# tuptime --help
标准输出应如下所示：
Usage: tuptime [options] Options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -c, --ckernel classify / order by kernel -d DATE_FORMAT, --date=DATE_FORMAT date format output -e, --end order by end state -f FILE, --filedb=FILE database file -g, --graceful register a gracefully shutdown -k, --kernel print kernel information -l, --list enumerate system life as list -o, --offtime order by offtime / downtime -r, --reverse reverse order -s, --seconds output time in seconds and epoch -t, --table enumerate system life as table -u, --uptime order by uptime -v, --verbose verbose output -V, --version show version -x, --silent update values into db without output
恭喜！现在您知道“如何显示Linux系统的历史和统计运行时间”了。我们将在下一篇文章中学习更多关于这类Linux命令的内容。继续关注！
更新于：2019年10月21日
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