WebGL - 交互式立方体

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在本章中，我们将举一个示例来说明如何绘制一个可以通过鼠标控件进行旋转的 3D 立方体。

示例 – 绘制一个交互式立方体

以下程序演示了如何使用鼠标控件旋转一个立方体 −

现场演示 
<!doctype html>
<html>
   <body>
      <canvas width = "570" height = "570" id = "my_Canvas"></canvas>

      <script>
         /*============= Creating a canvas ======================*/
         var canvas = document.getElementById('my_Canvas');
         gl = canvas.getContext('experimental-webgl');

         /*========== Defining and storing the geometry ==========*/

         var vertices = [
            -1,-1,-1, 1,-1,-1, 1, 1,-1, -1, 1,-1,
            -1,-1, 1, 1,-1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1,
            -1,-1,-1, -1, 1,-1, -1, 1, 1, -1,-1, 1,
            1,-1,-1, 1, 1,-1, 1, 1, 1, 1,-1, 1,
            -1,-1,-1, -1,-1, 1, 1,-1, 1, 1,-1,-1,
            -1, 1,-1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,-1, 
         ];

         var colors = [
            5,3,7, 5,3,7, 5,3,7, 5,3,7,
            1,1,3, 1,1,3, 1,1,3, 1,1,3,
            0,0,1, 0,0,1, 0,0,1, 0,0,1,
            1,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,0,0,
            1,1,0, 1,1,0, 1,1,0, 1,1,0,
            0,1,0, 0,1,0, 0,1,0, 0,1,0 
         ];

         var indices = [
            0,1,2, 0,2,3, 4,5,6, 4,6,7,
            8,9,10, 8,10,11, 12,13,14, 12,14,15,
            16,17,18, 16,18,19, 20,21,22, 20,22,23 
         ];

         // Create and store data into vertex buffer
         var vertex_buffer = gl.createBuffer ();
         gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex_buffer);
         gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(vertices), gl.STATIC_DRAW);

         // Create and store data into color buffer
         var color_buffer = gl.createBuffer ();
         gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer);
         gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(colors), gl.STATIC_DRAW);

         // Create and store data into index buffer
         var index_buffer = gl.createBuffer ();
         gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_buffer);
         gl.bufferData(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, new Uint16Array(indices), gl.STATIC_DRAW);

         /*=================== SHADERS =================== */

         var vertCode = 'attribute vec3 position;'+
            'uniform mat4 Pmatrix;'+
            'uniform mat4 Vmatrix;'+
            'uniform mat4 Mmatrix;'+
            'attribute vec3 color;'+//the color of the point
            'varying vec3 vColor;'+
            'void main(void) { '+//pre-built function
               'gl_Position = Pmatrix*Vmatrix*Mmatrix*vec4(position, 1.);'+
               'vColor = color;'+
            '}';

         var fragCode = 'precision mediump float;'+
            'varying vec3 vColor;'+
            'void main(void) {'+
               'gl_FragColor = vec4(vColor, 1.);'+
            '}';

         var vertShader = gl.createShader(gl.VERTEX_SHADER);
         gl.shaderSource(vertShader, vertCode);
         gl.compileShader(vertShader);

         var fragShader = gl.createShader(gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER);
         gl.shaderSource(fragShader, fragCode);
         gl.compileShader(fragShader);

         var shaderprogram = gl.createProgram();
         gl.attachShader(shaderprogram, vertShader);
         gl.attachShader(shaderprogram, fragShader);
         gl.linkProgram(shaderprogram);

         /*======== Associating attributes to vertex shader =====*/
         var _Pmatrix = gl.getUniformLocation(shaderprogram, "Pmatrix");
         var _Vmatrix = gl.getUniformLocation(shaderprogram, "Vmatrix");
         var _Mmatrix = gl.getUniformLocation(shaderprogram, "Mmatrix");

         gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex_buffer);
         var _position = gl.getAttribLocation(shaderprogram, "position");
         gl.vertexAttribPointer(_position, 3, gl.FLOAT, false,0,0);
         gl.enableVertexAttribArray(_position);

         gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer);
         var _color = gl.getAttribLocation(shaderprogram, "color");
         gl.vertexAttribPointer(_color, 3, gl.FLOAT, false,0,0) ;
         gl.enableVertexAttribArray(_color);
         gl.useProgram(shaderprogram);

         /*==================== MATRIX ====================== */

         function get_projection(angle, a, zMin, zMax) {
            var ang = Math.tan((angle*.5)*Math.PI/180);//angle*.5
            return [
               0.5/ang, 0 , 0, 0,
               0, 0.5*a/ang, 0, 0,
               0, 0, -(zMax+zMin)/(zMax-zMin), -1,
               0, 0, (-2*zMax*zMin)/(zMax-zMin), 0 
			   ];
         }

         var proj_matrix = get_projection(40, canvas.width/canvas.height, 1, 100);
         var mo_matrix = [ 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0, 0,0,0,1 ];
         var view_matrix = [ 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0, 0,0,0,1 ];

         view_matrix[14] = view_matrix[14]-6;

         /*================= Mouse events ======================*/

         var AMORTIZATION = 0.95;
         var drag = false;
         var old_x, old_y;
         var dX = 0, dY = 0;

         var mouseDown = function(e) {
            drag = true;
            old_x = e.pageX, old_y = e.pageY;
            e.preventDefault();
            return false;
         };

         var mouseUp = function(e){
            drag = false;
         };

         var mouseMove = function(e) {
            if (!drag) return false;
            dX = (e.pageX-old_x)*2*Math.PI/canvas.width,
            dY = (e.pageY-old_y)*2*Math.PI/canvas.height;
            THETA+= dX;
            PHI+=dY;
            old_x = e.pageX, old_y = e.pageY;
            e.preventDefault();
         };

         canvas.addEventListener("mousedown", mouseDown, false);
         canvas.addEventListener("mouseup", mouseUp, false);
         canvas.addEventListener("mouseout", mouseUp, false);
         canvas.addEventListener("mousemove", mouseMove, false);

         /*=========================rotation================*/

         function rotateX(m, angle) {
            var c = Math.cos(angle);
            var s = Math.sin(angle);
            var mv1 = m[1], mv5 = m[5], mv9 = m[9];

            m[1] = m[1]*c-m[2]*s;
            m[5] = m[5]*c-m[6]*s;
            m[9] = m[9]*c-m[10]*s;

            m[2] = m[2]*c+mv1*s;
            m[6] = m[6]*c+mv5*s;
            m[10] = m[10]*c+mv9*s;
         }

         function rotateY(m, angle) {
            var c = Math.cos(angle);
            var s = Math.sin(angle);
            var mv0 = m[0], mv4 = m[4], mv8 = m[8];

            m[0] = c*m[0]+s*m[2];
            m[4] = c*m[4]+s*m[6];
            m[8] = c*m[8]+s*m[10];

            m[2] = c*m[2]-s*mv0;
            m[6] = c*m[6]-s*mv4;
            m[10] = c*m[10]-s*mv8;
         }

         /*=================== Drawing =================== */

         var THETA = 0,
         PHI = 0;
         var time_old = 0;

         var animate = function(time) {
            var dt = time-time_old;

            if (!drag) {
               dX *= AMORTIZATION, dY*=AMORTIZATION;
               THETA+=dX, PHI+=dY;
            }

            //set model matrix to I4

            mo_matrix[0] = 1, mo_matrix[1] = 0, mo_matrix[2] = 0,
            mo_matrix[3] = 0,

            mo_matrix[4] = 0, mo_matrix[5] = 1, mo_matrix[6] = 0,
            mo_matrix[7] = 0,

            mo_matrix[8] = 0, mo_matrix[9] = 0, mo_matrix[10] = 1,
            mo_matrix[11] = 0,

            mo_matrix[12] = 0, mo_matrix[13] = 0, mo_matrix[14] = 0,
            mo_matrix[15] = 1;

            rotateY(mo_matrix, THETA);
            rotateX(mo_matrix, PHI);

            time_old = time; 
            gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);

            // gl.depthFunc(gl.LEQUAL);

            gl.clearColor(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.9);
            gl.clearDepth(1.0);
            gl.viewport(0.0, 0.0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

            gl.uniformMatrix4fv(_Pmatrix, false, proj_matrix);
            gl.uniformMatrix4fv(_Vmatrix, false, view_matrix);
            gl.uniformMatrix4fv(_Mmatrix, false, mo_matrix);

            gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_buffer);
            gl.drawElements(gl.TRIANGLES, indices.length, gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);

            window.requestAnimationFrame(animate);
         }
         animate(0);
      </script>
   </body>
</html>

如果你运行此示例，将生成以下输出 −

打印页面
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