MySQL - 不等于运算符



MySQL 不等于运算符

MySQL 的不等于运算符用于比较两个值,如果它们不相等则返回 true。它用"<>""!=" 表示。两者之间的区别是 <> 遵循 ISO 标准,而 != 不遵循。因此,建议使用 <> 运算符。

我们可以在 WHERE 子句中使用此运算符根据特定条件过滤记录,并在 GROUP BY 子句中使用它对结果进行分组。

注意: 使用此运算符处理文本值时,默认情况下比较区分大小写。

语法

以下是 MySQL 中不等于运算符的语法:

SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE column_name <> value;

示例

首先,让我们使用以下查询创建一个名为CUSTOMERS 的表:

Open Compiler
CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS ( ID INT NOT NULL, NAME VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL, AGE INT NOT NULL, ADDRESS CHAR (25), SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2), PRIMARY KEY (ID) );

以下查询使用 INSERT INTO 语句将 7 条记录添加到上面创建的表中:

Open Compiler
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES (1, 'Ramesh', 32, 'Ahmedabad', 2000.00 ), (2, 'Khilan', 25, 'Delhi', 1500.00 ), (3, 'Kaushik', 23, 'Kota', 2000.00 ), (4, 'Chaitali', 25, 'Mumbai', 6500.00 ), (5, 'Hardik', 27, 'Bhopal', 8500.00 ), (6, 'Komal', 22, 'Hyderabad', 4500.00 ), (7, 'Muffy', 24, 'Indore', 10000.00 );

执行以下查询以检索 CUSTOMERS 表中存在的所有记录:

Open Compiler
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;

以下是 CUSTOMERS 表:

ID 姓名 年龄 地址 薪水
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Khilan 25 Delhi 1500.00
3 Kaushik 23 Kota 2000.00
4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 6500.00
5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00
6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00
7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

字符串值的不等于

在 MySQL 中,我们还可以使用 NOT EQUAL 来比较两个字符串值。如果两个值不相等,则返回 true。我们可以在 SQL 语句的 WHERE 子句中使用 "<>" 或 "!=" 并排除与特定值匹配的行。

示例

在以下查询中,我们选择 CUSTOMERS 表中姓名不为“Khilan”的所有记录。

Open Compiler
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE NAME <> "Khilan";

输出

以上代码的输出如下所示:

ID 姓名 年龄 地址 薪水
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
3 Kaushik 23 Kota 2000.00
5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00
6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00
7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

Learn MySQL in-depth with real-world projects through our MySQL certification course. Enroll and become a certified expert to boost your career.

与 GROUP BY 子句一起使用不等于

MySQL 的 NOT EQUAL 运算符可以与 GROUP BY 子句一起使用。它将根据与指定文本值不相等的值对结果进行分组。

聚合函数(如 COUNT()、MAX()、MIN()、SUM() 和 AVG())经常与 GROUP BY 语句一起使用。

示例

在此查询中,我们计算 CUSTOMERS 表中每个 AGE 的不同 'ID' 值的记录数。我们排除了 'AGE' 等于 '22' 的记录,并根据 'AGE' 列对结果进行分组。

Open Compiler
SELECT COUNT(ID), AGE FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE AGE <> '22' GROUP BY AGE;

输出

COUNT(ID) 年龄
1 32
2 25
1 23
1 27
1 24

具有多个条件的不等于

根据情况,NOT EQUAL 运算符可以与 WHERE 子句中的多个条件一起使用,以过滤掉满足特定条件的行。

示例

在这里,我们将选择薪水大于 2000 或等于 2000 的所有客户。同时,客户不能来自“Bhopal”。

Open Compiler
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE ADDRESS <> 'Bhopal' AND (SALARY>'2000' OR SALARY='2000');

输出

当我们执行上面的查询时,将获得以下输出:

ID 姓名 年龄 地址 薪水
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
3 Kaushik 23 Kota 2000.00
4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 6500.00
6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00
7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

使用 NOT EQUAL 否定条件

MySQL NOT EQUAL 运算符可以与NOT 运算符结合使用,以否定条件并过滤掉满足特定条件的行。

示例

以下查询检索 "CUSTOMERS" 表中 "SALARY" 等于 '2000' 的所有行:

Open Compiler
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE NOT SALARY != '2000';

输出

查询执行后,将生成如下所示的输出:

ID 姓名 年龄 地址 薪水
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
3 Kaushik 23 Kota 2000.00

使用客户端程序的不等于运算符

除了使用 MySQL 查询执行 NOT EQUAL 运算符外,我们还可以使用 Node.js、PHP、Java 和 Python 等客户端程序来实现相同的结果。

语法

以下是此操作在各种编程语言中的语法:

要通过 PHP 程序对 MySQL 表执行 NOT EQUAL 运算符,我们需要使用mysqli 函数query() 执行带有 NOT EQUAL 运算符的 SELECT 语句,如下所示:

$sql = "SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE column_name <> value"; $mysqli->query($sql);

要通过 Node.js 程序对 MySQL 表执行 NOT EQUAL 运算符,我们需要使用mysql2 库的query() 函数执行带有 NOT EQUAL 运算符的 SELECT 语句,如下所示:

sql= "SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE column_name <> value"; con.query(sql);

要通过 Java 程序对 MySQL 表执行 NOT EQUAL 运算符,我们需要使用JDBC 函数executeUpdate() 执行带有 NOT EQUAL 运算符的 SELECT 语句,如下所示:

String sql = "SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE column_name <> value"; statement.executeQuery(sql);

要通过 Python 程序对 MySQL 表执行 NOT EQUAL 运算符,我们需要使用 MySQLConnector/Pythonexecute() 函数执行带有 NOT EQUAL 运算符的 SELECT 语句,如下所示:

not_equal_query = "SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE column_name <> value" cursorObj.execute(not_equal_query);

示例

以下是程序:

$dbhost = 'localhost'; $dbuser = 'root'; $dbpass = 'password'; $dbname = 'TUTORIALS'; $mysqli = new mysqli($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass, $dbname); if($mysqli->connect_errno ) { printf("Connect failed: %s", $mysqli->connect_error); exit(); } //printf('Connected successfully.'); $sql = "SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE NAME <> 'Muffy'"; $result = $mysqli->query($sql); if ($result->num_rows > 0) { printf("Table records: \n"); while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) { printf("Id %d, Name: %s, Age: %d, Address %s, Salary %f", $row["ID"], $row["NAME"], $row["AGE"], $row["ADDRESS"], $row["SALARY"]); printf("\n"); } } else { printf('No record found.'); } mysqli_free_result($result); $mysqli->close();

输出

获得的输出如下:

Table records:
Id 1, Name: Ramesh, Age: 32, Address Hyderabad, Salary 4000.000000
Id 2, Name: Khilan, Age: 25, Address Kerala, Salary 8000.000000
Id 3, Name: kaushik, Age: 23, Address Hyderabad, Salary 11000.000000
Id 4, Name: Chaital, Age: 25, Address Mumbai, Salary 1200.000000
Id 5, Name: Hardik, Age: 27, Address Vishakapatnam, Salary 10000.000000
Id 6, Name: Komal, Age: 29, Address Vishakapatnam, Salary 7000.000000   
var mysql = require('mysql2'); var con = mysql.createConnection({ host: "localhost", user: "root", password: "Nr5a0204@123" }); //Connecting to MySQL con.connect(function (err) { if (err) throw err; console.log("Connected!"); console.log("--------------------------"); //Creating a Database sql = "create database TUTORIALS" con.query(sql); //Select database sql = "USE TUTORIALS" con.query(sql); //Creating CUSTOMERS table sql = "CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS (ID INT NOT NULL, NAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, AGE INT NOT NULL, ADDRESS CHAR(25), SALARY DECIMAL(18, 2), PRIMARY KEY(ID));" con.query(sql); //Inserting Records sql = "INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS(ID, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS, SALARY) VALUES(1,'Ramesh', 32, 'Hyderabad',4000.00),(2,'Khilan', 25, 'Kerala', 8000.00),(3,'kaushik', 23, 'Hyderabad', 11000.00),(4,'Chaital', 25, 'Mumbai', 1200.00),(5,'Hardik', 27, 'Vishakapatnam', 10000.00),(6, 'Komal',29, 'Vishakapatnam', 7000.00),(7, 'Muffy',24, 'Delhi', 10000.00);" con.query(sql); //Using NOT EQUAL Operator sql = "SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE NAME <> 'Muffy';" con.query(sql, function(err, result){ if (err) throw err console.log(result) }); });

输出

生成的输出如下:

Connected!
--------------------------
[
  {
    ID: 1,
    NAME: 'Ramesh',
    AGE: 32,
    ADDRESS: 'Hyderabad',
    SALARY: '4000.00'
  },
  {
    ID: 2,
    NAME: 'Khilan',
    AGE: 25,
    ADDRESS: 'Kerala',
    SALARY: '8000.00'
  },
  {
    ID: 3,
    NAME: 'kaushik',
    AGE: 23,
    ADDRESS: 'Hyderabad',
    SALARY: '11000.00'
  },
  {
    ID: 4,
    NAME: 'Chaital',
    AGE: 25,
    ADDRESS: 'Mumbai',
    SALARY: '1200.00'
  },
  {
    ID: 5,
    NAME: 'Hardik',
    AGE: 27,
    ADDRESS: 'Vishakapatnam',
    SALARY: '10000.00'
  },
  {
    ID: 6,
    NAME: 'Komal',
    AGE: 29,
    ADDRESS: 'Vishakapatnam',
    SALARY: '7000.00'
  }
]         
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.Statement; public class NotEqualOperator { public static void main(String[] args) { String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/TUTORIALS"; String user = "root"; String password = "password"; ResultSet rs; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"); Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password); Statement st = con.createStatement(); //System.out.println("Database connected successfully...!"); String sql = "SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE NAME <> 'Muffy'"; rs = st.executeQuery(sql); System.out.println("Table records: "); while(rs.next()) { String id = rs.getString("Id"); String name = rs.getString("Name"); String age = rs.getString("Age"); String address = rs.getString("Address"); String salary = rs.getString("Salary"); System.out.println("Id: " + id + ", Name: " + name + ", Age: " + age + ", Addresss: " + address + ", Salary: " + salary); } }catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

输出

获得的输出如下所示:

Table records: 
Id: 1, Name: Ramesh, Age: 32, Addresss: Ahmedabad, Salary: 2000.00
Id: 2, Name: Khilan, Age: 30, Addresss: Delhi, Salary: 1500.00
Id: 3, Name: kaushik, Age: 23, Addresss: Kota, Salary: 2000.00
Id: 4, Name: Chaitali, Age: 30, Addresss: Mumbai, Salary: 6500.00
Id: 5, Name: Hardik, Age: 30, Addresss: Bhopal, Salary: 8500.00
Id: 6, Name: Komal, Age: 22, Addresss: MP, Salary: 4500.00              
import mysql.connector #establishing the connection connection = mysql.connector.connect( host='localhost', user='root', password='password', database='tut' ) cursorObj = connection.cursor() not_equal_query = f""" SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE NAME <> 'Muffy'; """ cursorObj.execute(not_equal_query) # Fetching all the rows that meet the criteria filtered_rows = cursorObj.fetchall() for row in filtered_rows: print(row) cursorObj.close() connection.close()

输出

以上代码的输出如下:

(1, 'Ramesh', 32, 'Hyderabad', Decimal('4000.00'))
(2, 'Khilan', 25, 'Kerala', Decimal('8000.00'))
(3, 'kaushik', 23, 'Hyderabad', Decimal('11000.00'))
(4, 'Chaital', 25, 'Mumbai', Decimal('1200.00'))
(5, 'Hardik', 27, 'Vishakapatnam', Decimal('10000.00'))
(6, 'Komal', 29, 'Vishakapatnam', Decimal('7000.00'))    
广告