MySQL - REPLACE 查询



MySQL REPLACE 语句

一般来说,如果我们想向现有表中添加记录,我们会使用 MySQL INSERT 语句。同样,我们也可以使用 MySQL REPLACE 语句添加新记录或替换现有记录。REPLACE 语句类似于 INSERT 语句。

唯一的区别是,使用 INSERT 语句插入记录时,如果现有列具有 UNIQUE 或 PRIMARY KEY 约束,并且新记录为此列具有相同的值,则会生成错误。

对于 REPLACE 语句,如果尝试插入新列,并且该列与具有 UNIQUE 或 PRIMARY KEY 约束的列具有重复值,则旧记录将被新记录完全替换。

语法

以下是 MySQL REPLACE 语句的语法:

REPLACE INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...columnN)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...valueN);

其中,table_name 是需要插入数据的表名,(column1, column2, column3,...columnN) 是列名,(value1, value2, value3,...valueN) 是记录中的值。

示例

让我们从在 MySQL 数据库中创建一个名为 CUSTOMERS 的表开始,该表在 ID 列上具有主键约束,如下所示:

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS (
   ID INT NOT NULL,
   NAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
   AGE INT NOT NULL,
   ADDRESS CHAR (25),
   SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2),
   PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);

以下查询将两条记录添加到上面创建的表中:

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES 
(1, 'Ramesh', 32, 'Ahmedabad', 2000.00 ),
(2, 'Khilan', 25, 'Delhi', 1500.00 );

执行以下查询以显示 CUSTOMERS 表中存在的所有记录:

select * FROM CUSTOMERS;

CUSTOMERS 表中的记录如下:

ID 姓名 (NAME) 年龄 (AGE) 地址 (ADDRESS) 薪水 (SALARY)
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Khilan 25 Delhi 1500.00

现在,让我们尝试插入另一条具有 ID2 的记录:

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES
(2, 'Kaushik', 23, 'Kota', 2000.00 );

由于 ID 列具有主键约束,因此会生成错误,如下所示:

ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '2' for key 'customers.PRIMARY'

现在,使用 REPLACE 语句替换表中存在的记录:

REPLACE INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES
(2, 'Kaushik', 20, 'Kota', 2000.00 );

输出

执行上面的查询将产生以下输出:

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

验证

执行以下 SELECT 语句以验证新记录是否已替换:

select * from CUSTOMERS;

正如我们在下面的输出中看到的,现有记录已被新记录替换:

ID 姓名 (NAME) 年龄 (AGE) 地址 (ADDRESS) 薪水 (SALARY)
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Kaushik 20 Kota 2000.00

使用 REPLACE 语句插入记录

当使用 REPLACE 语句插入记录时,如果该记录与表中任何现有记录都不匹配,则它将作为新记录添加。

示例

以下查询使用 REPLACE 语句向上面的 CUSTOMERS 表中添加三条新记录:

REPLACE INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES 
(3, 'Chaitali', 25, 'Mumbai', 6500.00 ),
(4, 'Hardik', 27, 'Bhopal', 8500.00 ),
(5, 'Komal', 22, 'Hyderabad', 4500.00 );

输出

执行上面的查询将产生以下输出:

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

验证

执行以下查询以验证上述记录是否已插入到 CUSTOMERS 表中:

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;

正如我们在下面的 CUSTOMERS 表中看到的,上述记录已作为新记录插入到表中。

ID 姓名 (NAME) 年龄 (AGE) 地址 (ADDRESS) 薪水 (SALARY)
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Kaushik 20 Kota 2000.00
3 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 6500.00
4 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00
5 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00

使用客户端程序替换记录

除了使用 MySQL 查询替换 MySQL 数据库中表的记录外,我们还可以使用客户端程序执行 REPLACE 操作。

语法

以下是各种编程语言中使用 REPLACE 查询的语法:

要通过 PHP 程序从 MySQL 数据库替换表中的记录,我们需要使用 mysqli 函数 query() 执行 REPLACE 语句,如下所示:

$sql="REPLACE INTO TABLE_NAME SET COLUMN_NAME1 = NEW_VALUE, COLUMN_NAME2 = NEW_VALUE...";
$mysqli->query($sql);

要通过 Node.js 程序从 MySQL 数据库替换表中的记录,我们需要使用 mysql2 库的 query() 函数执行 REPLACE 语句,如下所示:

sql="REPLACE INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...columnN)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...valueN)"
con.query(sql);

要通过 Java 程序从 MySQL 数据库替换表中的记录,我们需要使用 JDBC 函数 executeUpdate() 执行 REPLACE 语句,如下所示:

String sql="REPLACE INTO TABLE_NAME SET COLUMN_NAME1 = NEW_VALUE, COLUMN_NAME2 = NEW_VALUE...";
statement.executeUpdate(sql);

要通过 Java 程序替换 MySQL 数据库中表中的记录,我们需要使用 MySQL **Connector/Python** 的 **execute()** 函数执行 **ALTER** 语句,如下所示:

replace_query = "REPLACE INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...columnN)
   VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...valueN)"
cursorObj.execute(replace_query );

示例

以下是一些程序示例:

$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'password';
$dbname = 'TUTORIALS';
$mysqli = new mysqli($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass, $dbname);
if($mysqli->connect_errno ) {
   printf("Connect failed: %s
", $mysqli->connect_error); exit(); } //printf('Connected successfully.
'); $sql = "REPLACE INTO tutorials_tbl SET tutorial_id = 1, tutorial_title = 'Java Tutorial', tutorial_author = 'new_author'"; if($result = $mysqli->query($sql)){ printf("Replace statement executed successfully..! "); } $q = "SELECT * FROM tutorials_tbl"; if($res = $mysqli->query($q)){ printf("Records after replace statement are: "); while($row = mysqli_fetch_row($res)){ print_r ($row); } } if($mysqli->error){ printf("Failed..!" , $mysqli->error); } $mysqli->close();

输出

获得的输出如下:

Replace statement executed successfully..!  Records after replace statement are: Array
(
    [0] => 1
    [1] => Java Tutorial
    [2] => new_author
    [3] =>
)
Array
(
    [0] => 2
    [1] => PHP Tut
    [2] => unknown2
    [3] => 2023-08-12
)
var mysql = require('mysql2');

var con = mysql.createConnection({
    host: "localhost",
    user: "root",
    password: "Nr5a0204@123"
});

  //Connecting to MySQL
  con.connect(function (err) {
  if (err) throw err;
  console.log("Connected!");

  //Selecting a Database
  sql = "USE TUTORIALS"
  con.query(sql);

  //Creating a table
  sql = "CREATE TABLE sales(ID INT UNIQUE, ProductName VARCHAR(255), CustomerName VARCHAR(255), DispatchDate date, DeliveryTime time, Price INT, Location VARCHAR(255));"
  con.query(sql);

  //Inserting records into table
  sql = "INSERT into sales values(1, 'Mouse', 'Puja', DATE('2019-03-01'), TIME('10:59:59'), 3000, 'Vijayawada');"
  con.query(sql);

  //Displaying records before replacing
  sql = "Select * from sales"
  con.query(sql, function (err, result) {
      if (err) throw err;
      console.log(result);
      console.log("************************************************")
  });

  //Replacing the record
  sql = "REPLACE into sales values(1, 'Mobile', 'Vanaja', DATE('2019-03-01'), TIME('10:10:52'), 9000, 'Chennai');"
  con.query(sql);

  //Displaying records after replacing
  sql = "Select * from sales"
  con.query(sql, function (err, result) {
      if (err) throw err;
      console.log(result);
  });
});

输出

生成的输出如下:

Connected!
[
  {
    ID: 1,
    ProductName: 'Mouse',
    CustomerName: 'Puja',
    DispatchDate: 2019-02-28T18:30:00.000Z,
    DeliveryTime: '10:59:59',
    Price: 3000,
    Location: 'Vijayawada'
  }
]
************************************************
[
  {
    ID: 1,
    ProductName: 'Mobile',
    CustomerName: 'Vanaja',
    DispatchDate: 2019-02-28T18:30:00.000Z,
    DeliveryTime: '10:10:52',
    Price: 9000,
    Location: 'Chennai'
  }
]
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class ReplaceQuery {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String url = "jdbc:mysql://:3306/TUTORIALS";
		String user = "root";
		String password = "password";
		ResultSet rs;
		try {
			Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
            Statement st = con.createStatement();
            //System.out.println("Database connected successfully...!");
            String sql = "REPLACE INTO tutorials_tbl SET tutorial_id = 1, tutorial_title = 'Java Tutorial', tutorial_author = 'John Smith'";
            st.executeUpdate(sql);
            System.out.println("Replace query executed successfully..!");
            String sql1 = "SELECT * FROM tutorials_tbl";
            rs = st.executeQuery(sql1);
            System.out.println("Table records: ");
            while(rs.next()) {
            	String tutorial_id = rs.getString("tutorial_id");
            	String tutorial_title = rs.getString("tutorial_title");
            	String tutorial_author = rs.getString("tutorial_author");
            	String submission_date = rs.getString("submission_date");
            	System.out.println("Id: " + tutorial_id + ", Title: " + tutorial_title + ", Author: " +  tutorial_author + ", Submission_date: " + submission_date);
            }
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

输出

获得的输出如下所示:

Replace query executed successfully..!
Table records: 
Id: 1, Title: Java Tutorial, Author: John Smith, Submission_date: null
Id: 2, Title: Angular Java, Author: Abdul S, Submission_date: 2023-08-08
Id: 3, Title: Learning Java, Author: Sanjay, Submission_date: 2007-05-06
Id: 4, Title: Python Tutorial, Author: Sasha Lee, Submission_date: 2016-09-04
Id: 5, Title: Hadoop Tutorial, Author: Chris Welsh, Submission_date: 2023-08-08
import mysql.connector
import datetime
#establishing the connection
connection = mysql.connector.connect(
    host='localhost',
    user='root',
    password='password',
    database='tut')
#Creating a cursor object 
cursorObj = connection.cursor()
replace_query = "REPLACE INTO tutorials_tbl (tutorial_id, tutorial_title, tutorial_author, submission_date) VALUES (3, 'Learning Java', 'John Doe', '2023-07-28')"
cursorObj.execute(replace_query)
connection.commit()
print("REPLACE query executed successfully.")
cursorObj.close()
connection.close()

输出

以上代码的输出如下:

REPLACE query executed successfully.
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