C++ if...else 语句



一个if语句可以后跟一个可选的else语句,当布尔表达式为假时执行。

语法

C++ 中 if...else 语句的语法为:

if(boolean_expression) {
   // statement(s) will execute if the boolean expression is true
} else {
  // statement(s) will execute if the boolean expression is false
}

如果布尔表达式计算结果为true,则将执行if 块代码,否则将执行else 块代码。

流程图

C++ if...else statement

示例

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main () {
   // local variable declaration:
   int a = 100;
 
   // check the boolean condition
   if( a < 20 ) {
      // if condition is true then print the following
      cout << "a is less than 20;" << endl;
   } else {
      // if condition is false then print the following
      cout << "a is not less than 20;" << endl;
   }
   cout << "value of a is : " << a << endl;
 
   return 0;
}

编译并运行上述代码后,将产生以下结果:

a is not less than 20;
value of a is : 100

if...else if...else 语句

一个if语句可以后跟一个可选的else if...else语句,这对于使用单个 if...else if 语句测试各种条件非常有用。

使用 if、else if、else 语句时,需要注意几点。

  • 一个 if 语句可以有零个或一个 else,并且它必须位于任何 else if 之后。

  • 一个 if 语句可以有零个到多个 else if,并且它们必须位于 else 之前。

  • 一旦 else if 成功,就不会测试任何剩余的 else if 或 else。

语法

C++ 中 if...else if...else 语句的语法为:

if(boolean_expression 1) {
   // Executes when the boolean expression 1 is true
} else if( boolean_expression 2) {
   // Executes when the boolean expression 2 is true
} else if( boolean_expression 3) {
   // Executes when the boolean expression 3 is true
} else {
   // executes when the none of the above condition is true.
}

示例

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main () {
   // local variable declaration:
   int a = 100;
 
   // check the boolean condition
   if( a == 10 ) {
      // if condition is true then print the following
      cout << "Value of a is 10" << endl;
   } else if( a == 20 ) {
      // if else if condition is true
      cout << "Value of a is 20" << endl;
   } else if( a == 30 ) {
      // if else if condition is true 
      cout << "Value of a is 30" << endl;
   } else {
      // if none of the conditions is true
      cout << "Value of a is not matching" << endl;
   }
   cout << "Exact value of a is : " << a << endl;
 
   return 0;
}

编译并运行上述代码后,将产生以下结果:

Value of a is not matching
Exact value of a is : 100
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