设计模式 - 装饰器模式



装饰器模式允许用户在不改变其结构的情况下向现有对象添加新的功能。这种设计模式属于结构型模式,因为这种模式充当现有类的包装器。

此模式创建一个装饰器类,该类包装原始类并提供额外的功能,同时保持类方法签名不变。

我们将通过以下示例演示装饰器模式的使用,在该示例中,我们将用某种颜色装饰形状,而无需更改形状类。

实现

我们将创建一个Shape接口和实现Shape接口的具体类。然后,我们将创建一个抽象装饰器类ShapeDecorator,它实现Shape接口并将其Shape对象作为其实例变量。

RedShapeDecorator是实现ShapeDecorator的具体类。

DecoratorPatternDemo,我们的演示类将使用RedShapeDecorator来装饰Shape对象。

Decorator Pattern UML Diagram

步骤 1

创建一个接口。

Shape.java

public interface Shape {
   void draw();
}

步骤 2

创建实现同一接口的具体类。

Rectangle.java

public class Rectangle implements Shape {

   @Override
   public void draw() {
      System.out.println("Shape: Rectangle");
   }
}

Circle.java

public class Circle implements Shape {

   @Override
   public void draw() {
      System.out.println("Shape: Circle");
   }
}

步骤 3

创建实现Shape接口的抽象装饰器类。

ShapeDecorator.java

public abstract class ShapeDecorator implements Shape {
   protected Shape decoratedShape;

   public ShapeDecorator(Shape decoratedShape){
      this.decoratedShape = decoratedShape;
   }

   public void draw(){
      decoratedShape.draw();
   }	
}

步骤 4

创建扩展ShapeDecorator类的具体装饰器类。

RedShapeDecorator.java

public class RedShapeDecorator extends ShapeDecorator {

   public RedShapeDecorator(Shape decoratedShape) {
      super(decoratedShape);		
   }

   @Override
   public void draw() {
      decoratedShape.draw();	       
      setRedBorder(decoratedShape);
   }

   private void setRedBorder(Shape decoratedShape){
      System.out.println("Border Color: Red");
   }
}

步骤 5

使用RedShapeDecorator来装饰Shape对象。

DecoratorPatternDemo.java

public class DecoratorPatternDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {

      Shape circle = new Circle();

      Shape redCircle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Circle());

      Shape redRectangle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Rectangle());
      System.out.println("Circle with normal border");
      circle.draw();

      System.out.println("\nCircle of red border");
      redCircle.draw();

      System.out.println("\nRectangle of red border");
      redRectangle.draw();
   }
}

步骤 6

验证输出。

Circle with normal border
Shape: Circle

Circle of red border
Shape: Circle
Border Color: Red

Rectangle of red border
Shape: Rectangle
Border Color: Red
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