Spring Boot - Flyway 数据库

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Flyway 是一款版本控制应用程序，用于轻松可靠地在所有实例中发展您的数据库模式。要了解有关 Flyway 的更多信息，您可以使用以下链接：www.flywaydb.org

许多软件项目使用关系数据库。这需要处理数据库迁移，也常称为模式迁移。

在本章中，您将详细了解如何在 Spring Boot 应用程序中配置 Flyway 数据库。

配置 Flyway 数据库

首先，从 Spring Initializer 页面www.start.spring.io下载 Spring Boot 项目，并选择以下依赖项：

  • Spring Web
  • Flyway 迁移
  • MySQL 驱动程序
  • Spring Data JPA
Creating Flyway Project

Maven 用户可以在 pom.xml 文件中添加以下依赖项。

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.flywaydb</groupId>
   <artifactId>flyway-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.flywaydb</groupId>
   <artifactId>flyway-mysql</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
   <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
   <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
   <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Gradle 用户可以在 build.gradle 文件中添加以下依赖项。

compile('org.flywaydb:flyway-core')
compile('org.flywaydb:flyway-mysql')
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa')
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
compile('mysql:mysql-connector-j')

在应用程序属性中，我们需要配置数据库属性以创建 DataSource，并且还需要在应用程序属性中配置 flyway 属性。

对于属性文件用户，请在 application.properties 文件中添加以下属性。

spring.application.name = flywayapp  

spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/details
spring.datasource.username = root
spring.datasource.password = Admin@123

spring.flyway.enabled=true
spring.flyway.validate-on-migrate=true
spring.flyway.baseline-on-migrate = true
spring.flyway.baseline-version = 0

YAML 用户可以在 application.yml 文件中添加以下属性。

spring:
   application:
      name: flywayapp  
   datasource: 
      url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/details
      password: Admin@123
      username: root
   flyway:
      enabled: true
      validate-on-migrate: true
      baseline-on-migrate: true
      baseline-version: 0

现在，在src/main/resources/db/migration目录下创建一个 SQL 文件。将 SQL 文件命名为“V1__Initial.sql”，遵循命名约定 V<版本号>__<名称>.sql

CREATE TABLE USERS (ID INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, USERID VARCHAR(45));
INSERT INTO USERS (ID, USERID) VALUES (1, 'tutorialspoint.com');

主要的 Spring Boot 应用程序类文件代码如下所示：

FlywayappApplication.java

package com.tutorialspoint.flywayapp;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class FlywayappApplication {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(FlywayappApplication.class, args);
   }
}

完整的构建配置文件如下所示。

Maven – pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>3.3.4</version>
      <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
   </parent>
   <groupId>com.tutorialspoint</groupId>
   <artifactId>flywayapp</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>flywayapp</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
   <url/>
   <licenses>
      <license/>
   </licenses>
   <developers>
      <developer/>
   </developers>
   <scm>
      <connection/>
      <developerConnection/>
      <tag/>
      <url/>
   </scm>
   <properties>
      <java.version>21</java.version>
   </properties>
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.flywaydb</groupId>
         <artifactId>flyway-core</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.flywaydb</groupId>
         <artifactId>flyway-mysql</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
         <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
         <scope>runtime</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>
</project>

Gradle – build.gradle

buildscript {
   ext {
      springBootVersion = '3.3.4'
   }
   repositories {
      mavenCentral()
   }
   dependencies {
      classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")
   }
}

apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'

group = 'com.tutorialspoint'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 21

repositories {
   mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
   compile('org.flywaydb:flyway-core')
   compile('org.flywaydb:flyway-mysql')
   compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa')
   compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
   compile('mysql:mysql-connector-j')
   testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
}

编译和执行

您可以创建一个可执行的 JAR 文件，并使用以下 Maven 或 Gradle 命令运行 Spring Boot 应用程序：

对于 Maven，您可以使用此处显示的命令：

mvn clean install

“BUILD SUCCESS”后，您可以在 target 目录下找到 JAR 文件。

对于 Gradle，您可以使用此处显示的命令：

gradle clean build

“BUILD SUCCESSFUL”后，您可以在 build/libs 目录下找到 JAR 文件。

现在，使用以下命令运行 JAR 文件：

 java –jar <JARFILE>

现在，Tomcat 在端口 8080 上启动，并且您可以在控制台窗口中看到 flyway 数据库日志，如下所示。

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/

[32m :: Spring Boot :: [39m              [2m (v3.3.4)[0;39m

[2m2024-09-20T13:17:03.838+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mc.t.flywayapp.FlywayappApplication      [0;39m [2m:[0;39m Starting FlywayappApplication using Java 21.0.3 with PID 9760 (E:\Dev\flywayapp\target\classes started by Tutorialspoint in E:\Dev\flywayapp)
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:03.841+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mc.t.flywayapp.FlywayappApplication      [0;39m [2m:[0;39m No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:04.545+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36m.s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate[0;39m [2m:[0;39m Bootstrapping Spring Data JPA repositories in DEFAULT mode.
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:04.568+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36m.s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate[0;39m [2m:[0;39m Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 14 ms. Found 0 JPA repository interfaces.
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:05.144+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mo.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer [0;39m [2m:[0;39m Tomcat initialized with port 8080 (http)
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:05.161+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mo.apache.catalina.core.StandardService  [0;39m [2m:[0;39m Starting service [Tomcat]
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:05.161+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mo.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine   [0;39m [2m:[0;39m Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/10.1.30]
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:05.235+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mo.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]      [0;39m [2m:[0;39m Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:05.235+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mw.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext[0;39m [2m:[0;39m Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1339 ms
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:05.481+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mcom.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource      [0;39m [2m:[0;39m HikariPool-1 - Starting...
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:05.892+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mcom.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool       [0;39m [2m:[0;39m HikariPool-1 - Added connection com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@6c5ca0b6
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:05.894+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mcom.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource      [0;39m [2m:[0;39m HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:05.952+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36morg.flywaydb.core.FlywayExecutor        [0;39m [2m:[0;39m Database: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/details (MySQL 8.0)
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:05.993+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mo.f.c.i.s.JdbcTableSchemaHistory        [0;39m [2m:[0;39m Schema history table `details`.`flyway_schema_history` does not exist yet
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:05.996+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mo.f.core.internal.command.DbValidate    [0;39m [2m:[0;39m Successfully validated 1 migration (execution time 00:00.018s)
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:06.026+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mo.f.c.i.s.JdbcTableSchemaHistory        [0;39m [2m:[0;39m Creating Schema History table `details`.`flyway_schema_history` with baseline ...
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:06.282+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mo.f.core.internal.command.DbBaseline    [0;39m [2m:[0;39m Successfully baselined schema with version: 0
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:06.321+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mo.f.core.internal.command.DbMigrate     [0;39m [2m:[0;39m Current version of schema `details`: 0
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:06.329+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mo.f.core.internal.command.DbMigrate     [0;39m [2m:[0;39m Migrating schema `details` to version "1 - Initial"
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:06.455+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mo.f.core.internal.command.DbMigrate     [0;39m [2m:[0;39m Successfully applied 1 migration to schema `details`, now at version v1 (execution time 00:00.073s)
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:06.586+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mo.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper [0;39m [2m:[0;39m HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [name: default]
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:06.655+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36morg.hibernate.Version                   [0;39m [2m:[0;39m HHH000412: Hibernate ORM core version 6.5.3.Final
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:06.690+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mo.h.c.internal.RegionFactoryInitiator   [0;39m [2m:[0;39m HHH000026: Second-level cache disabled
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:07.025+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mo.s.o.j.p.SpringPersistenceUnitInfo     [0;39m [2m:[0;39m No LoadTimeWeaver setup: ignoring JPA class transformer
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:07.446+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mo.h.e.t.j.p.i.JtaPlatformInitiator      [0;39m [2m:[0;39m HHH000489: No JTA platform available (set 'hibernate.transaction.jta.platform' to enable JTA platform integration)
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:07.452+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mj.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean[0;39m [2m:[0;39m Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:07.514+05:30[0;39m [33m WARN[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mJpaBaseConfiguration$JpaWebConfiguration[0;39m [2m:[0;39m spring.jpa.open-in-view is enabled by default. Therefore, database queries may be performed during view rendering. Explicitly configure spring.jpa.open-in-view to disable this warning
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:07.978+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mo.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer [0;39m [2m:[0;39m Tomcat started on port 8080 (http) with context path '/'
[2m2024-09-20T13:17:07.988+05:30[0;39m [32m INFO[0;39m [35m9760[0;39m [2m---[0;39m [2m[flywayapp  ] [           main][0;39m [2m[0;39m[36mc.t.flywayapp.FlywayappApplication      [0;39m [2m:[0;39m Started FlywayappApplication in 4.595 seconds (process running for 5.424)

您现在可以转到数据库并检查在details模式中创建的Users表，其详细信息与 V1__Initial.sql 中提供的脚本一致。

Users table data

您还可以跟踪 flyway 元数据表flyway_schema_history中的迁移，如下所示

flyway_schema_history table
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