Spring Boot - 基于JWT的OAuth2

本章将详细讲解Spring Boot安全机制以及基于JWT的OAuth2。

注意 - 此示例使用Spring Boot 1.5.9编写。在Spring Boot 3中，Spring Security授权服务器已弃用。

授权服务器

授权服务器是Web API安全性的一个高级架构组件。授权服务器充当集中的授权点，允许您的应用程序和HTTP端点识别应用程序的功能。

资源服务器

资源服务器是一个向客户端提供访问令牌以访问资源服务器HTTP端点的应用程序。它是一组包含HTTP端点、静态资源和动态网页的库。

OAuth2

OAuth2是一个授权框架，使应用程序Web安全能够访问客户端的资源。要构建OAuth2应用程序，我们需要关注授权类型（授权码）、客户端ID和客户端密钥。

JWT令牌

JWT令牌是JSON Web令牌，用于表示双方之间安全的声明。您可以在www.jwt.io/了解更多关于JWT令牌的信息。

现在，我们将构建一个OAuth2应用程序，该应用程序借助JWT令牌启用授权服务器和资源服务器的使用。

您可以使用以下步骤通过访问数据库来实现带有JWT令牌的Spring Boot安全。

首先，我们需要在构建配置文件中添加以下依赖项。

Maven用户可以在您的pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖项。

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.security.oauth</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-security-jwt</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
   <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
   <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
   <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
   <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Gradle用户可以在build.gradle文件中添加以下依赖项。

compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security')
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
testCompile('org.springframework.security:spring-security-test')

compile("org.springframework.security.oauth:spring-security-oauth2")
compile('org.springframework.security:spring-security-jwt')
compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-jdbc")
compile("com.h2database:h2:1.4.191")

其中，

Spring Boot Starter Security - 实现Spring Security
Spring Security OAuth2 - 实现OAUTH2结构以启用授权服务器和资源服务器。
Spring Security JWT - 为Web安全生成JWT令牌
Spring Boot Starter JDBC - 访问数据库以确保用户是否存在。
Spring Boot Starter Web - 编写HTTP端点。
H2数据库 - 存储用于身份验证和授权的用户的信息。

完整的构建配置文件如下所示。

pom.xml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.tutorialspoint</groupId>
   <artifactId>websecurityapp</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>
   <name>websecurityapp</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
      <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
   </parent>

   <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
      <java.version>1.8</java.version>
   </properties>

   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.security.oauth</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-security-jwt</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
         <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>

   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>
   
</project>

Gradle – build.gradle

buildscript {
   ext {
      springBootVersion = '1.5.9.RELEASE'
   }
   repositories {
      mavenCentral()
   }
   dependencies {
      classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")
   }
}
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'

group = 'com.tutorialspoint'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8

repositories {
   mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
   compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security')
   compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
   testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
   testCompile('org.springframework.security:spring-security-test')
   compile("org.springframework.security.oauth:spring-security-oauth2")
   compile('org.springframework.security:spring-security-jwt')
   compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-jdbc")
   compile("com.h2database:h2:1.4.191")  
}

现在，在主要的Spring Boot应用程序中，添加`@EnableAuthorizationServer`和`@EnableResourceServer`注解，以便在同一个应用程序中充当身份验证服务器和资源服务器。

此外，您可以使用以下代码编写一个简单的HTTP端点，以使用JWT令牌通过Spring Security访问API。

WebsecurityappApplication.java

package com.tutorialspoint.websecurityapp;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableAuthorizationServer;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableResourceServer;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAuthorizationServer
@EnableResourceServer
@RestController
public class WebsecurityappApplication {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(WebsecurityappApplication.class, args);
   }
   @RequestMapping(value = "/products")
   public String getProductName() {
      return "Honey";   
   }
}

使用以下代码定义POJO类以存储用于身份验证的用户的信息。

UserEntity.java

package com.tutorialspoint.websecurityapp;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;

public class UserEntity {
   private String username;
   private String password;
   private Collection<GrantedAuthority> grantedAuthoritiesList = new ArrayList<>();
   
   public String getPassword() {
      return password;
   }
   public void setPassword(String password) {
      this.password = password;
   }
   public Collection<GrantedAuthority> getGrantedAuthoritiesList() {
      return grantedAuthoritiesList;
   }
   public void setGrantedAuthoritiesList(Collection<GrantedAuthority> grantedAuthoritiesList) {
      this.grantedAuthoritiesList = grantedAuthoritiesList;
   }
   public String getUsername() {
      return username;
   }
   public void setUsername(String username) {
      this.username = username;
   }
}

现在，使用以下代码并定义CustomUser类，该类扩展org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User类以进行Spring Boot身份验证。

CustomUser.java

package com.tutorialspoint.websecurityapp;

import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;

public class CustomUser extends User {
   private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
   public CustomUser(UserEntity user) {
      super(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), user.getGrantedAuthoritiesList());
   }
}

您可以创建`@Repository`类来从数据库读取用户信息并将其发送到Custom用户服务，还可以添加授予的权限“ROLE_SYSTEMADMIN”。

OAuthDao.java

package com.tutorialspoint.websecurityapp;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class OAuthDao {
   @Autowired
   private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

   public UserEntity getUserDetails(String username) {
      Collection<GrantedAuthority> grantedAuthoritiesList = new ArrayList<>();
      String userSQLQuery = "SELECT * FROM USERS WHERE USERNAME=?";
      List<UserEntity> list = jdbcTemplate.query(userSQLQuery, new String[] { username },
         (ResultSet rs, int rowNum) -> {
         
         UserEntity user = new UserEntity();
         user.setUsername(username);
         user.setPassword(rs.getString("PASSWORD"));
         return user;
      });
      if (list.size() > 0) {
         GrantedAuthority grantedAuthority = new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_SYSTEMADMIN");
         grantedAuthoritiesList.add(grantedAuthority);
         list.get(0).setGrantedAuthoritiesList(grantedAuthoritiesList);
         return list.get(0);
      }
      return null;
   }
}

您可以创建一个Custom User detail service类，该类扩展org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService以调用DAO存储库类，如下所示。

CustomDetailsService.java

package com.tutorialspoint.websecurityapp;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class CustomDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {
   @Autowired
   OAuthDao oauthDao;

   @Override
   public CustomUser loadUserByUsername(final String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
      UserEntity userEntity = null;
      try {
         userEntity = oauthDao.getUserDetails(username);
         CustomUser customUser = new CustomUser(userEntity);
         return customUser;
      } catch (Exception e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
         throw new UsernameNotFoundException("User " + username + " was not found in the database");
      }
   }
}

接下来，创建一个`@configuration`类来启用Web安全，定义密码编码器（BCryptPasswordEncoder），并定义AuthenticationManager bean。安全配置类应扩展WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter类。

SecurityConfiguration.java

package com.tutorialspoint.websecurityapp;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.WebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
public class SecurityConfiguration extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
   @Autowired
   private CustomDetailsService customDetailsService;

   @Bean
   public PasswordEncoder encoder() {
      return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
   }
   @Override
   @Autowired
   protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
      auth.userDetailsService(customDetailsService).passwordEncoder(encoder());
   }
   @Override
   protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
      http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated().and().sessionManagement()
         .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.NEVER);
   }
   @Override
   public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception {
      web.ignoring();
   }
   @Override
   @Bean
   public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
      return super.authenticationManagerBean();
   }
}

现在，定义OAuth2配置类以添加客户端ID、客户端密钥、定义JwtAccessTokenConverter、私钥和公钥作为令牌签名密钥和验证密钥，并为具有作用域的令牌有效性配置ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer。

OAuth2Config.java

package com.tutorialspoint.websecurityapp;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.configurers.ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configurers.AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configurers.AuthorizationServerSecurityConfigurer;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.token.store.JwtAccessTokenConverter;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.token.store.JwtTokenStore;

@Configuration
public class OAuth2Config extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter {
   private String clientid = "tutorialspoint";
   private String clientSecret = "my-secret-key";
   private String privateKey = "private key";
   private String publicKey = "public key";

   @Autowired
   @Qualifier("authenticationManagerBean")
   private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
   
   @Bean
   public JwtAccessTokenConverter tokenEnhancer() {
      JwtAccessTokenConverter converter = new JwtAccessTokenConverter();
      converter.setSigningKey(privateKey);
      converter.setVerifierKey(publicKey);
      return converter;
   }
   @Bean
   public JwtTokenStore tokenStore() {
      return new JwtTokenStore(tokenEnhancer());
   }
   @Override
   public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception {
      endpoints.authenticationManager(authenticationManager).tokenStore(tokenStore())
      .accessTokenConverter(tokenEnhancer());
   }
   @Override
   public void configure(AuthorizationServerSecurityConfigurer security) throws Exception {
      security.tokenKeyAccess("permitAll()").checkTokenAccess("isAuthenticated()");
   }
   @Override
   public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception {
      clients.inMemory().withClient(clientid).secret(clientSecret).scopes("read", "write")
         .authorizedGrantTypes("password", "refresh_token").accessTokenValiditySeconds(20000)
         .refreshTokenValiditySeconds(20000);

   }
}

密钥创建

现在，使用openssl创建私钥和公钥。

您可以使用以下命令生成私钥。

openssl genrsa -out jwt.pem 2048
openssl rsa -in jwt.pem

您可以使用以下命令生成公钥。

openssl rsa -in jwt.pem -pubout

对于高于1.5版本的Spring Boot，请在您的application.properties文件中添加以下属性以定义OAuth2资源过滤器顺序。

security.oauth2.resource.filter-order=3

YAML文件用户可以在YAML文件中添加以下属性。

security:
   oauth2:
      resource:
         filter-order: 3

现在，在类路径资源**src/main/resources/directory**下创建schema.sql和data.sql文件以将应用程序连接到H2数据库。

schema.sql文件如下所示：

schema.sql

CREATE TABLE USERS (ID INT PRIMARY KEY, USERNAME VARCHAR(45), PASSWORD VARCHAR(60));

data.sql文件如下所示：

data.sql

INSERT INTO USERS (ID, USERNAME,PASSWORD) VALUES (
   1, 'tutorialspoint@gmail.com','$2a$08$fL7u5xcvsZl78su29x1ti.dxI.9rYO8t0q5wk2ROJ.1cdR53bmaVG');

INSERT INTO USERS (ID, USERNAME,PASSWORD) VALUES (
   2, 'myemail@gmail.com','$2a$08$fL7u5xcvsZl78su29x1ti.dxI.9rYO8t0q5wk2ROJ.1cdR53bmaVG');

注意 - 密码应以Bcrypt编码器的格式存储在数据库表中。