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javadoc - Unix, Linux Command
NAME
javadoc - Java API documentation generatorSYNOPSIS
javadoc [ options ] [ packagenames ] [ sourcefilenames ] [ -subpackages pkg1:pkg2:... ] [ @argfiles ]PARAMETERS
Arguments can be in any order.Tag | Description |
---|---|
options | Command-line options, as specified in this document. To see a typical use of javadoc options, see Real World Example. |
packagenames | A series of names of packages, separated by spaces, such as java.lang java.lang.reflect java.awt. You must separately specify each package you want to document. The Javadoc tool uses -sourcepath to look for these package names. The Javadoc tool does not recursively traverse subpackages. Wildcards such as asterisks (*) are not allowed. See EXAMPLES, Documenting One or More Packages. |
sourcefilenames | A series of source file names, separated by spaces, each of which can include paths and wildcards such as asterisk (*). The Javadoc tool will process every file whose name ends with .java , and whose name, when stripped of that suffix, is actually a legal class name (see Identifiers). Therefore, you can name files with dashes (such as X-Buffer), or other illegal characters, to prevent them from being documented. This is useful for test files and files generated from templates. The path that precedes the source file name determines where javadoc will look for the file. The Javadoc tool does not use -sourcepath to look for these source file names.) For example, passing in Button.java is identical to ./Button.java. An example source file name with a full path is /home/src/java/awt/Graphics*.java. See EXAMPLES, Documenting One or More Classes. You can also mix packagenames and sourcefilenames, as in EXAMPLES, Documenting Both Packages and Classes. |
-subpackages pkg1:pkg2:... | |
Generates documentation from source files in the specified packages and recursively in their subpackages. An alternative to supplying packagenames or sourcefilenames. | |
@argfiles | One or more files that contain a list of Javadoc options, packagenames and sourcefilenames in any order. Wildcards (*) and -J options are not allowed in these files. |
DESCRIPTION
The Javadoc tool parses the declarations and documentation comments in a set of Java source files and produces a corresponding set of HTML pages describing (by default) the public and protected classes, nested classes (but not anonymous inner classes), interfaces, constructors, methods, and fields.You can run the Javadoc tool on entire packages, individual source files, or both. In the first case, you pass in as an argument to javadoc a series of package names. In the second case, you pass in a series of source (.java) file names. See EXAMPLES at the end of this document.
NOTE - When you pass in package names to the Javadoc tool, it currently processes all .java classes in the specified package directories, even if the .java files are code examples or other classes that are not actually members of the specified packages. It does not parse each .java file for a package declaration; we may add this parsing in a future release.
During a run, the Javadoc tool automatically adds cross-reference links to package, class and member names that are being documented as part of that run. Links appear in several places:
o Declarations (return types, argument types, field types)
Tag | Description |
---|---|
o | "See Also" sections generated from @see tags |
o | In-line text generated from {@link} tags |
o | Exception names generated from @throws tags |
o | Specified by links to members in interfaces and Overrides links to members in classes |
o | Summary tables listing packages, classes and members |
o | Package and class inheritance trees |
o | The index |
The Javadoc tool produces one complete document each time it is run; it cannot do incremental builds - that is, it cannot modify or directly incorporate results from previous runs of Javadoc. However, it can link to results from other runs, as just mentioned.
As implemented, the Javadoc tool requires and relies on the java compiler to do its job. The Javadoc tool calls part of javac to compile the declarations, ignoring the member implementation. It builds a rich internal representation of the classes, including the class hierarchy, and "use" relationships, then generates the HTML from that. The Javadoc tool also picks up user-supplied documentation from documentation comments in the source code.
In fact, the Javadoc tool will run on .java source files that are pure stub files with no method bodies. This means you can write documentation comments and run the Javadoc tool in the earliest stages of design while creating the API, before writing the implementation.
Relying on the compiler ensures that the HTML output corresponds exactly with the actual implementation, which may rely on implicit, rather than explicit, source code. For example, the Javadoc tool will document default constructors (section 8.6.7 of Java Language Specification) that are present in the .class files but not in the source code.
In many cases, the Javadoc tool allows you to generate documentation from source files whose code is incomplete or erroneous. This is a benefit that enables you to generate documentation before all debugging and troubleshooting is done. For example, according to the Java Language Specification, a class that contains an abstract method should itself be declared abstract. The Javadoc tool does not check for this, and would proceed without a warning, whereas the javac compiler stops on this error. The Javadoc tool does do some primitive checking of doc comments. Use the DocCheck doclet to check the doc comments more thoroughly.
When the Javadoc tool builds its internal structure for the documentation, it loads all referenced classes. Because of this, the Javadoc tool must be able to find all referenced classes, whether bootstrap classes, extensions, or user classes. For more about this, see How Classes Are Found. Generally speaking, classes you create must either be loaded as an extension or in the Javadoc tools class path.
javadoc Doclets
You can customize the content and format of the Javadoc tools output by using doclets. The Javadoc tool has a default "built-in" doclet, called the standard doclet, that generates HTML-formatted API documentation. You can modify or subclass the standard doclet, or write your own doclet to generate HTML, XML, MIF, RTF or whatever output format youd like. Information about doclets and their use is at the following locations:
Tag | Description |
---|---|
o | Javadoc Doclets |
o | The -doclet command-line option |
Related Documentation and Doclets
Tag | Description |
---|---|
o | Javadoc Enhancements for details about improvements added in Javadoc 1.4. |
o | Javadoc FAQ for answers to common questions, information about Javadoc-related tools and workarounds for bugs. |
o | How to Write Doc Comments for Javadoc for more information about Sun conventions for writing documentation comments. |
o | Requirements for Writing API Specifications - Standard requirements used when writing the Java 2 Platform Specification. It can be useful whether you are writing API specifications in source fiel documentation comments or in other formats. It covers requirements for packages, classes, interfaces, fields and methods to stisfy testable assertions. |
o | Documentation Comments Specification - The original specification on documentation comments, Chapter 18, Documentation Comments, in the Java Language Specification, First Edition, by James Gosling, Bill Joy and Guy Steele. (This chapter was removed from the second edition.) |
o | DocCheck Doclet - Check doc comments in source files and generates a report listing the errors and irregularities it finds. It is part of the Sun Doc Check Utilities. |
o | MIF Doclet - Can automate the generation of API documentation in MIF, FrameMaker and PDF formats. MIF is Adobe FrameMakers interchange format. |
Terminology
A few terms have specific meanings within the context of the Javadoc tool:Tag | Description |
---|---|
generated document | |
The document generated by the javadoc tool from the doc comments in Java source code. The default generated document is in HTML and is created by the standard doclet. | |
name | A name in the Java Language, namely the name of a package, class, interface, field, constructor, or method. A name can be fully-qualified, such as java.lang.String.equals(java.lang.Object), or partially-qualified, such as equals(Object). |
documented classes | |
The classes and interfaces for which full documentation is generated during a javadoc run. To be documented, the source files must be available, and either their source filenames or package names must be passed into the javadoc command. We also refer to these as the classes included in the javadoc run, or the included classes. | |
inlcuded classes | |
Classes and interfaces whose source filenames or package names are passed into the javadoc command. | |
excluded classes | |
Classes and interfaces whose source filename or package names are not passed into the javadoc command. | |
referenced classes | |
The classes and interfaces that are explicitly referred to in the definition (implementation) or doc comments of the documented classes and interfaces. Examples of references include return type, parameter type, cast type, extended class, implemented interface, imported classes, classes used in method bodies, @see, {@link}, {@linkplain}, and {@inheritDoc} tags. (Notice this definition has changed since 1.3.) tags) do not qualify as referenced classes. When thE Javadoc tool is run, it should load into memory all of the referenced classes in javadocs bootclasspath and classpath. (The Javadoc tool prints a "Class not found" warning for referenced classes not found.) The Javadoc tool can derive enough information from the .class files to determine their existence and the fully qualified names of their members. | |
external referenced classes | |
The referenced classes whose documentation not being generated during a javadoc run. In other words, these classes are not passed into the Javadoc tool on the comand line. Links for names in the generated documentation to those classes are said to be external references or external links. For example, if you run the Javadoc tool on only the java.awt package, then any class in java.lang, such as Object, is an external referenced class. External referenced classes can be linked to using the -link and -linkoffline options. An important property of an external referenced class is that its source comments are normally not available to the Javadoc run. In this case, these comments cannot be inherited. |
Source Files
The Javadoc tool will generate output originating from four different types of "source" files: Java language source files for classes (.java), package comment files, overview comment files, and miscellaneous unprocessed files.Class Source Code Files
Each class or interface and its members can have their own documentation comment, contained in a .java file. For more details about these doc commments, see Documentation Comments below.Package Comment Files
Each package can have its own documentation comment, contained in its own "source" file, that the Javadoc tool will merge into the package summary page that it generates. You typically include in this comment any documentation that applies to the entire package.To create a package comment file, you must name it package.html and place it in the package directory in the source tree along with the .java files. The Javadoc tool will automatically look for this filename in this location. Notice that the filename is identical for all packages. For explicit details, see the example of package.html.
The content of the package comment file is one big documentation comment, written in HTML, like all other comments, with one exception: The documentation comment should not include the comment separators /** and */ or leading asterisks. When writing the comment, you should make the first sentence a summary about the package, and not put a title or any other text between <body> and the first sentence. You can include package tags; as with any documentation comment, all tags except {@link} must appear after the description. If you add a @see tag in a package comment file, it must have a fully qualified name.
When the Javadoc tool runs, it automatically looks for this file; if found, the Javadoc tool does the following:
Tag | Description |
---|---|
o | Copies all content between <body> and </body> tags for processing. |
o | Processes any package tags that are present. |
o | Inserts the processed text at the bottom of the package summary page it generates, as shown in Package Summary. |
o | Copies the first sentence of the package comment to the top of the package summary page. It also adds the package name and this first sentence to the list of packages on the overview page, as shown in Overview Summary. The end-of-sentence is determined by the same rules used for the end of the first sentence of class and member descriptions. |
Overview Comment File
Each application or set of packages that you are documenting can have its own overview documentation comment, kept in its own "source" file, that the Javadoc tool will merge into the overview page that it generates. You typically include in this comment any documentation that applies to the entire application or set of packages.To create an overview comment file, you can name the file anything you want, typically overview.html, and place it anywhere, typically at the top level of the source tree. Notice that you can have multiple overview comment files for the same set of source files, in case you want to run javadoc multiple times on different sets of packages. For example, if the source files for the java.applet package are contained in /home/user/src/java/applet directory, you could create an overview comment file at /home/user/src/overview.html.
The content of the overview comment file is one big documentation comment, written in HTML, like the package comment file described previously. See that description for details. To reiterate, when writing the comment, you should make the first sentence a summary about the application or set of packages, and not put a title or any other text between <body> and the first sentence. You can include overview tags; as with any documentation comment, all tags except {@link} must appear after the description. If you add a @see tag, it must have a fully-qualified name.
When you run the Javadoc tool, you specify the overview comment file name with the -overview option. The file is then processed, similar to that of a package comment file:
Tag | Description |
---|---|
o | Copies all content between <body> and </body> tags for processing. |
o | Processes any overview tags that are present. |
o | Inserts the processed text at the bottom of the overview page it generates, as shown in Overview Summary. |
o | Copies the first sentence of the overview comment to the top of the overview summary page. |
Miscellaneous Unprocessed Files
You can also include in your source any miscellaneous files that you want the Javadoc tool to copy to the destination directory. These typically include graphic files (for example, Java source (.java) and class (.class) files) and self-standing HTML files whose content would overwhelm the documentation comment of a normal Java source file.To include unprocessed files, put them in a directory called doc-files, which can be a subdirectory of any package directory. You can have one such subdirectory for each package. You might include images, example code, source files, .class files, applets, and HTML files. For example, if you want to include the image of a button button.gif in the java.awt.Button class documentation, you place that file in the /home/user/src/java/awt/doc-files/ directory. Notice the doc-files directory should not be located at /home/user/src/java/doc-files because java is not a package - that is, it does not directly contain any source files.
All links to these unprocessed files must be hard-coded, because the Javadoc tool does not look at the files - it simply copies the directory and all its contents to the destination. For example, the link in the Button.java doc comment might look like:
/**
* This button looks like this:
* <img src="doc-files/Button.gif">
*/
Test Files and Template Files
Some developers have indicated they want to store test files and templates files in the source tree near their corresponding source files. That is, they would like to put them in the same directory, or a subdirectory, of those source files.If you run the Javadoc tool by explicitly passing in individual sourcefilenames, you can deliberately omit test and templates files andprevent them from being processed. However, if you are passing in package names or wildcards, you need to follow certain rulesto ensure these test files and templates files are not processed.
Test files differ from template files in that the former arelegal, compilable source files, while the latter are not, but may end with ".java".
Tag | Description |
---|---|
Test files - | |
Often developers want to put compilable,
runnable test files for a given package in
the same directory as the source files for that package.
But they want the test files to belong to a
package other than the source file package, such
as the unnamed package (so test files have no
package statement or a different package statement
from the source). In this scenario, when
the source is being documented by specifying
its package name specified on the command line, the test
files will cause warnings or errors. You need to
put such test files in a subdirectory. For example,
if you want to add test files for source files in
com.package1 put them in a subdirectory that would be an invalid package
name (because it contains a hyphen):
|
Tag | Description |
---|---|
com/package1/test-files/ |
If your test files contain doc comments, you can set up a separate run of the Javadoc tool to produce documentation of the test files by passing in their test source filenames with wildcards, such as com/package/ est-filesjava .
Tag | Description |
---|---|
Tempaltes for source files - | |
Template files have names that often end in ".java" and are not compilable. If you have a template for a source file that you want to keep in the source directory, you can name it with a dash (such as Buffer-Template.java ), or any other illegal Java character, to prevent it from being processed. This relies on the fact that the Javadoc tool will only process sourcefiles whose name, when stripped of the ".java" suffix, is actually a legal class name (see Identifiers ). |
Generated Files
By default, javadoc uses a standard doclet that generates HTML-formatted documentation. This doclet generates the following kinds of files (where each HTML "page" corresponds to a separate file). Note that javadoc generates files with two types of names: those named after classes/interfaces, and those that are not (such as package-summary.html). Files in the latter group contain hyphens to prevent file name conflicts with those in the former group.Basic Content Pages
Tag | Description |
---|---|
o | One class or interface page (classname.html) for each class or interface it is documenting. |
o | One package page (package-summary.html) for each package it is documenting. The Javadoc tool includes any HTML text provided in a file named package.html in the package directory of the source tree. |
o | One overview page (overview-summary.html) for the entire set of packages. This is the front page of the generated document. The Javadoc tool includes any HTML text provided in a file specified with the -overview option. Note that this file is created only if you pass into javadoc two or more package names. For further explanation, see HTML Frames below. |
Cross-Reference Pages
Tag | Description |
---|---|
o | One class hierarchy page for the entire set of packages (overview-tree.html). To view this, click on "Overview" in the navigation bar, then click on "Tree". |
o | One class hierarchy page for each package (package-tree.html). To view this, go to a particular package, class or interface page; click "Tree" to display the hierarchy for that package. |
o | One "use" page for each package (package-use.html) and a separate one for each class and interface (class-use/classname.html). This page describes what packages, classes, methods, constructors, and fields use any part of the given class, interface, or package. Given a class or interface A, its "use" page includes subclasses of A, fields declared as A, methods that return A, and methods and constructors with parameters of type A. You can access this page by first going to the package, class, or interface, then clicking on the "Use" link in the navigation bar. |
o | A deprecated API page (deprecated-list.html) listing all deprecated names. (A deprecated name is not recommended for use, generally due to improvements, and a replacement name is usually given. Deprecated APIs may be removed in future implementations.) |
o | A constant field values page (constant-values.html) for the values of static fields. |
o | A serialized form page (serialized-form.html) for information about serializable and externalizable classes. Each such class has a description of its serialization fields and methods. This information is of interest to re-implementors, not to developers using the API. While there is no link in the navigation bar, you can get to this information by going to any serialized class and clicking "Serialized Form" in the "See also" section of the class description. The standard doclet automatically generates a serialized form page: any class (public or non-public) that implements Serializable is included, along with readObject and writeObject methods, the fields that are serialized, and the doc comments from the @serial, @serialField, and @serialData tags. Public serializable classes can be excluded by marking them (or their package) with @serial exclude, and package-private serializable classes can be included by marking them (or their package) with @serial include. As of 1.4, you can generate the complete serialized form for public and private classes by running javadoc without specifying the -private option. |
o | An index (index-*.html) of all class, interface, constructor, field and method names, alphabetically arranged. This is internationalized for Unicode and can be generated as a single file or as a separate file for each starting character (such as A-Z for English). |
Support Files
Tag | Description |
---|---|
o | A help page (help-doc.html) that describes the navigation bar and the above pages. You can provide your own custom help file to override the default using -helpfile. |
o | One index.html file that creates the HTML frames for display. This is the file you load to display the front page with frames. This file itself contains no text content. |
o | Several frame files (*-frame.html) containing lists of packages, classes and interfaces, used when HTML frames are being displayed. |
o | A package list file (package-list), used by the -link and -linkoffline options. This is a text file, not HTML, and is not reachable through any links. |
o | A style sheet file (stylesheet.css) that controls a limited amount of color, font family, font size, font style, and positioning on the generated pages. |
o | A doc-files directory that holds any image, example, source code, or other files that you want copied to the destination directory. These files are not processed by the Javadoc tool in any manner, that is, any javadoc tags in them will be ignored. This directory is not generated unless it exists in the source tree. |
HTML Frames
The Javadoc tool will generate either two or three HTML frames, as shown in the figure below. When you pass source files (*.java) or a single package name as arguments into the javadoc command, it creates only one frame (C) in the left-hand column, that is, the list of classes. When you pass into javadoc two or more package names, it creates a third frame (P) listing all packages, as well as an overview page (Detail). This overview page has the file name, overview-summary.html. Thus, this file is created only if you pass in two or more package names. You can bypass frames by clicking on the "No Frames" link or entering at overview-summary.html.If you are unfamiliar with HTML frames, you should be aware that frames can have focus for printing and scrolling. To give a frame focus, click on it. Then, on many browsers the arrow keys and page keys will scroll that frame, and the print menu command will print it.
------------ ------------
|C| Detail | |P| Detail |
| | | | | |
| | | |-| |
| | | |C| |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
------------ ------------
javadoc *.java javadoc java.lang java.awt
Load one of the following two files as the starting page depending on whether you want HTML frames or not:
Tag | Description |
---|---|
o | index.html (for frames) |
o | overview-summary.html (for no frames) |
Generated File Structure
The generated class and interface files are organized in the same directory hierarchy as Java source files and class files. This structure is one directory per subpackage.For example, the document generated for the class java.applet.Applet would be located at java/applet/Applet.html. The file structure for the java.applet package follows, given that the destination directory is named apidocs. All files that contain the word "frame" appear in the upper-left or lower-left frames, as noted. All other HTML files appear in the right-hand frame.
NOTE: Directories are shown in bold. The asterisks (*) indicate the files and directories that are omitted when the arguments to javadoc are source file names (*.java) rather than package names. Also, when arguments are source file names, package-list is created but is empty. The doc-files directory is not created in the destination unless it exists in the source tree.
apidocs | Top directory |
index.html | Initial page that sets up HTML frames |
* overview-summary.html | Lists all packages with first sentence summaries |
overview-tree.html | Lists class hierarchy for all packages |
deprecated-list.html | Lists deprecated API for all packages |
constant-values.html Lists values of static fields for all packages | |
serialized-form.html | Lists serialized form for all packages |
* overview-frame.html | Lists all packages, used in upper-left frame |
allclasses-frame.html | Lists all package classes, lower-left frame |
help-doc.html | Lists user help for how pages are organized |
index-all.html | Default index created w/o -splitindex option |
index-files | Directory created with -splitindex option |
index-<number>.html | Index files created with -splitindex option |
package-list | Lists package names used only for resolving external refs |
stylesheet.css | HTML style sheet for defining fonts, colors, positions |
java | Package directory |
applet | Subpackage directory |
Applet.html | Page for Applet class |
AppletContext.html | Page for AppletContext interface |
AppletStub.html | Page for AppletStub interface |
AudioClip.html | Page for AudioClip interface |
* package-summary.html | Lists classes with first sentence summaries |
* package-frame.html | Lists package classes, lower left-hand frame |
* package-tree.html | Lists class hierarchy for this package |
package-use | Lists where this package is used |
doc-files | Directory holding image & example files |
class-use | Directory holding pages API is used |
Applet.html | Page for uses of Applet class |
AppletContext.html | Page for uses of AppletContext interface |
AppletStub.html | Page for uses of AppletStub interface |
AudioClip.html | Page for uses of AudioClip interface |
src-html | Source code directory |
java | |
Generated API Declarations
The Javadoc tool generates a declaration at the start of each class, interface, field, constructor, and method description. This declaration is the declaration for that API item. For example, the declaration for the Boolean class is:
public final class Boolean
extends Object
implements Serializable
and the declaration for the Boolean.valueOf method is:
public static Boolean valueOf(String s)
The Javadoc tool can include the modifiers public, protected, private, abstract, final, static, transient, and volatile, but not synchronized or native. These last two modifiers are considered implementation detail and not part of the API specification.
Rather than relying on the keyword synchronized, APIs should document their concurrency semantics in the comment description, as in "a single Enumeration cannot be used by multiple threads concurrently". The document should not describe how to achieve these semantics. As another example, while Hashtable should be thread-safe, theres no reason to specify that we achieve this by synchronizing all of its exported methods. We should reserve the right to synchronize internally at the bucket level, thus offering higher concurrency.
Documentation Comments
The original "Documentation Comments Specification" can be found under related documentation.Commenting the Source Code
You can include documentation comments ("doc comments") in the source code, ahead of declarations for any entity (classes, interfaces, methods, constructors, or fields). You can also create doc comments for each package and another one for the overview, though their syntax is slightly different. Doc comments are also known as Javadoc comments. A doc comment consists of the characters between the characters /** that begin the comment and the characters */ that end it. Leading asterisks are allowed on each line and are described further below. The text can continue onto multiple lines.
/**
* This is the typical format of a simple documentation comment
* that spans two lines.
*/
To save space you can put a comment on one line:
/** This comment takes up only one line. */
Placement of comments - Documentation comments are recognized only when placed immediately before class, interface, constructor, method, or field declarations (see the class example, method example, and field example). Documentation comments placed in the body of a method are ignored. Only one documentation comment per declaration statement is recognized by the Javadoc tool.
A common mistake is to put an import statement between the class comment and the class declaration. Avoid this, as javadoc will ignore the class comment.
import com.sun; // MISTAKE - Important not to put statement here
public class Whatever {
}
/**
* This is the class comment for the class Whatever.
*/
A comment is a description followed by tags - The description begins after the starting delimiter /** and continues until the tag section. The tag section starts with the first character @ that begins a line (ignoring leading asterisks and white space). It is possible to have a comment with only tags and no description. The description cannot continue after the tag section begins. The argument to a tag can span multiple lines. There can be any number of tags - some types of tags can be repeated while others cannot. This @see starts the tag section:
/**
* This is a doc comment.
* @see java.lang.Object
*/
Standard and in-line tags - A tag is a special keyword within a doc comment that the Javadoc tool can process. The Javadoc tool has standalone tags, which appear as @tag, and in-line tags, which appear within braces, as {@tag}. To be interpreted, a standalone tag must appear at the beginning of a line, ignoring leading asterisks, white space and comment separator (/**). This means you can use the @ character elsewhere in the text and it will not be interpreted as the start of a tag. If you want to start a line with the @ character and not have it be interpreted, use the HTML entity @. Each standalone tag has associated text, which includes any text following the tag up to, but not including, either the next tag, or the end of the doc comment. This associated text can span multiple lines. An in-line tag is allowed and interpreted anywhere that text is allowed. The following example contains the standalone tag @deprecated and in-line tag {@link}.
/**
* @deprecated As of JDk 1.1, replaced by {@link #setBounds(int,int,int,int)}
*/
Comments are written in HTML - The text must be written in HTML, in that they should use HTML entities and HTML tags. You can use whichever version of HTML your browser supports; we have written the standard doclet to generate HTML 3.2-compliant code elsewhere (outside of the documentation comments) with the inclusion of cascading style sheets and frames. (We preface each generated file with "HTML 4.0" because of the frame sets.)
For example, entities for the less-than (<) and greater-than (>) symbols should be written < and >. Likewise, the ampersand (&) should be written &. The bold HTML tag <b> is shown in the following example:
/**
* This is a <b>doc</b> comment.
* @see java.lang.Object
*/
Leading asterisks - When javadoc parses a doc comment, leading asterisk (*) characters on each line are discarded; blanks and tabs preceding the initial asterisk (*) characters are also discarded. If you omit the leading asterisk on a line, all leading white space is removed. Therefore, you should not omit leading asterisks if you want leading white space to be kept, such as when indenting sample code with the <pre> tag.
First sentence - The first sentence of each doc comment should be a summary sentence, containing a concise but complete description of the declared entity. This sentence ends at the first period that is followed by a blank, tab, or line terminator, or at the first standalone tag. The Javadoc tool copies this first sentence to the member summary at the top of the HTML page.
Declaration with multiple fields - Java allows declaring multiple fields in a single statement, but this statement can have only one documentation comment, which is copied for all fields. Therefore, if you want individual documentation comments for each field, you must declare each field in a separate statement. For example, the following documentation comment doesnt make sense when written as a single declaration and would be better handled as two declarations:
/**
* The horizontal and vertical distances of point (x,y)
*/
public int x, y; // Avoid this
The Javadoc tool generates the following documentation from the above code:
public int x
The horizontal and vertical distances of point
(x,y).
public int y
Use header tags carefully - When writing documentation comments for members, it is best not to use HTML heading tags such as <H1> and <H2>, because the Javadoc tool creates an entire structured document and these structural tags can interfere with the formatting of the generated document. However, it is fine to use these headings in class and package comments to provide your own structure.
Automatic Reuse of Method Comments
The Javadoc tool has the ability to automatically reuse or "inherit" method comments in classes and interfaces. When a description, or @return, @param, @see or @throws tag is missing from a method comment, the Javadoc tool instead copies the corresponding description or tag comment from the method it overrides or implements (if any), according to the algorithm below.More specifically, when a @param tag for a particular parameter is missing, then the comment for that parameter is copied. When an @throws tag for a particular exception is missing, the @throws tag is copied only if that exception is declared.
This behavior contrasts with version 1.3 and earlier, where the presence of any description or tag would prevent all comments from being inherited.
Also of interest, is the inline tag {@inheritDoc} is present in a description or any tag, the corresponding description or tag is copied at that spot.
The overridden method must be a member of a documented class, and not an external referenced class for the doc comment to actually be available to copy.
Inheriting of comments occurs in three cases:
Tag | Description |
---|---|
o | When a method in a class overrides a method in a superclass |
o | When a method in an interface overrides a method in a superinterface |
o | When a method in a class implements a method in an interface |
In the third case, when a method in a given class implements a method in an interface, the Javadoc tool generates a subheading "Specified by" in the documentation for the overriding method, with a link to the method it is implementing.
Algorithm for Inheriting Method Descriptions If a method does not have a doc comment, the Javadoc tool searches for an applicable comment using the following algorithm, which is designed to find the most specific applicable doc comment, giving preference to interfaces over superclasses:
Tag | Description | |
---|---|---|
1. | Look in each directly implemented (or extended) interface in the order they appear following the word implements (or extends) in the method declaration. Use the first doc comment found for this method. | |
2. | If step 1 failed to find a doc comment, recursively apply this entire algorithm to each directly implemented (or extended) interface, in the same order they were examined in step 1. | |
3. If step 2 failed to find a doc comment and this is | ||
a class other than Object (not an interface):
|
javadoc Tags
The Javadoc tool parses special tags when they are embedded within a Java doc comment. These doc tags enable you to autogenerate a complete, well-formatted API from your source code. The tags start with an "at" sign (@) and are case-sensitive - they must be typed with the uppercase and lowercase letters as shown. A tag must start at the beginning of a line (after any leading spaces and an optional asterisk) or it is treated as normal text. By convention, tags with the same name are grouped together. For example, put all @see tags together.Tags come in two types:
o Standalone tags - Can be placed only in the tag section that follows the desription. There tags are not set off with curly braces: @tag.
o Inline tags - Can be placed anywhere in the comments description or in the comments for standalone tags. Inline tags are set off with curly braces:{@tag}.
For information about tags we might introduce in future releases, see Proposed Tags.
The current tags are:
Tag | Introduced |
in JDK | |
@author | 1.0 |
{@code} | 1.5 |
{@docRoot} | 1.3 |
@deprecated | 1.0 |
@exception | 1.0 |
{@inheritDoc} | 1.4 |
{@link} | 1.2 |
{@linkplain} | 1.4 |
{@literal} | 1.5 |
@param | 1.0 |
@return | 1.0 |
@see | 1.0 |
@serial | 1.2 |
@serialData | 1.2 |
@serialField | 1.2 |
@since | 1.1 |
@throws | 1.2 |
{@value} | 1.4 |
@version | 1.0 |
For custom tags, see the -tag option.
Tag | Description |
---|---|
@author name-text | |
Adds an "Author" entry with the specified name-text to the generated docs when the -author option is used. A doc comment may contain multiple @author tags. You can specify one name per @author tag or multiple names per tag. In the former case, the Javadoc tool inserts a comma (,) and space between names. In the latter case, the entire text is simply copied to the generated document without being parsed. Therefore, use multiple names per line if you want a localized name separator other than a comma. |
Tag | Description |
---|---|
@deprecated deprecated-text | |
Adds a comment indicating that this API should no longer be
used (even though it might continue to work).
javadoc moves the
deprecated-text ahead of the description, placing it in
italics and preceding it with a bold warning: "Deprecated".
|
Tag | Description | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The first sentence of deprecated-text should at least tell
the user when the API was deprecated and what to use as a
replacement.
javadoc copies just the first sentence to the
summary section and index.
Subsequent sentences can also
explain why it has been deprecated.
You should include a
{@link} tag (for
javadoc 1.2 or later) that points to the
replacement API:
| ||||||||||||
{@code text} | ||||||||||||
Equivalent to <code>{@literal}</code> . |
{@code A<B>C}
displays in the generated HTML page unchanged as:
A<B>C
The noteworthy point is that the <B> is not interpreted as boldand is in code font.
If you want the same functionality without the code font, use {@literal}.
Tag | Description | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
{@docRoot} | ||||||||||
Represents the relative path to the generated documents
(destination) root directory from any generated page.
It is useful when you want to include a file, such as a
copyright page or company logo, that you want to
reference from all generated pages.
Linking to the copyright page from the bottom of each page is common.
This {@docRoot} tag can be used both on the command line and in a doc comment:
<a href= {@docRoot}/copyright.html > would resolve to: <a href="../../copyright.html"> ... for java/lang/Object.java and <a href="../../../copyright.html"> ... for java/lang/ref/Reference.java | ||||||||||
@exception class-name description | ||||||||||
The @exception tag is a synonym for @throws. | ||||||||||
{@inheritDoc} | ||||||||||
Inherits documentation from the nearest superclass into the current doc comment. This allows comments to be abstracted up the inheritance tree, and enables developers to write around the copied text. Also see inheriting comments. | ||||||||||
This tag can be places in two positions: | ||||||||||
o | In the comment body (before the first standalone tag), where it will copy the entire comment body from its superclass. | |||||||||
o | In the text argument of a standalone tag, where it will copy the text of the tag from its superclass. | |||||||||
{@link " package.class#member label" } | ||||||||||
Inserts an in-line link with visible text
label that points to the documentation for the specified package, class or
member name of a referenced class.
This tag is very similar to @see - both require the same references and accept exactly the same syntax for package.class#member and label. The main difference is that {@link} generates an in-line link rather than placing the link in the "See Also" section. Also, the {@link} tag begins and ends with curly braces to separate it from the rest of the in-line text. If you need to use "}" inside the label, use the HTML entity notation } There is no limit to the number of {@link} tags allowed in a sentence. You can use this tag in the description part of a documentation comment or in the text portion of any tag (such as @deprecated, @return, or @param). For example, here is a comment that refers to the getComponentAt(int, int) method:
>From this, the standard doclet would generate the following HTML (assuming it refers to another class in the same package):
which appears on the web page as:
You can extend {@link} to link to classes not being documented by using the -link otion. | ||||||||||
{@linkplain " package.class#member label"} | ||||||||||
Indentical to {@link}, except the links label is displayed in plain text than code font. Useful when the label is plain text. Example: | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
This would display as | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
{@literaltext} | ||||||||||
Displays text without interpreting the
text as HTML markup or nested javadoc
tags. This enables you to use regular angle
brackets ( < and > ) instead of the
HTML entities ( < and > ) in doc comments,
such as in parameter types ( <Object> ),
inequalities ( 3 < 4 ), or arrows ( <- ).
For example, the doc comment text:
|
Tag | Description |
---|---|
{@literal A<B>C} | |
displays unchanged in the generated HTML page
in your browser, as:
| |
A<B>C |
If you want the same functionality but with the text in code font, use {@code} .
Tag | Description |
---|---|
@param parameter-name description | |
Adds a parameter with the specified parameter-name followed by the specified description to the "Parameters" section. When writing the doc comment, you may continue the description onto multiple lines. This tag is valid only in a doc comment for a method, constructor or class. |
,nf /** * @param <E> Type of element stored in a list */ public interface List<E> extends Collection<E> { }
For more details, see writing @param tags.
Tag | Description |
---|---|
@return description | |
Adds a "Returns" section with the description text. This text should describe the return type and permissible range of values. | |
@see<ahref=URL#value>label</a> | |
Adds a link as defined by URL#value. The URL#value
is a relative or absolute URL. The Javadoc tool
distinguishes this from other cases by looking
for a less-than symbol (<) as the first character.
For example:
|
Tag | Description | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
@see <a href="spec.html#section">Java Spec</a> | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This generated a link such as:
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See Also: "Java Spec" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
@see string | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adds a text entry for string. No link is generated.
The string is a book or other reference to information not
available by URL. The
Javadoc tool distinguishes this from the
previous cases by looking for a double-quote (") as the
first character.
For example:
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
@see <a href="URL#value">label</a> | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adds a link as defined by
URL#value. The
URL#value is a relative or absolute URL. The
Javadoc tool distinguishes this
from other cases by looking for a less-than symbol (<)
as the first character.
For example:
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
@see package.class#member label | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adds a link, with visible text label, that points to the
documentation for the specified name in the Java Language
that is referenced.
The label is optional; if omitted, the name
appears instead as the visible text, suitably shortened
(see How a Name Is Displayed).
Use the label when you want the
visible text to be abbreviated or different from the name.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
You can extend @see to link to classes not being documented | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
by using the -link option. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
@since since-text | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adds a "Since" heading with the specified
since-text to the generated documentation.
The text has no special internal structure.
This tag means that this change or feature has
existed since the software release specified by the
since-text. For example:
|
Tag | Description | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
@serial field-description|include|exclude | |||||||||||
Used in the doc comment for a default serializable field.
An optional field-description augments the doc comment for the field. The combined description must explain the meaning of the field and list the acceptable values. If needed, the description can span multiple lines. The standard doclet adds this information to the serialized form page. The include and exclude arguments identify whether a class or package should be included or excluded from the serialized form page. They work as follows:
The tag @serial at a class level overrides @serial at a package level. For more information about how to use these tags, along with an example, see "Documenting Serializable Fields and Data for a Class," Section 1.6 of the Java Object Serialization Specification. Also see the "Serialization FAQ," which covers the questions, "Why do I see javadoc warnings stating that I am missing @serial tags? for private fields if I am not running javadoc with the -private switch?"
| |||||||||||
@serialField field-name field-type field-description | |||||||||||
Documents an ObjectStreamField component of a Serializable classs serialPersistentFields member. One @serialField tag should be used for each ObjectStreamField component. | |||||||||||
@serialData data-description | |||||||||||
The
data-description documents the types and order of data in the serialized form.
Specifically, this data includes the optional data written by the writeObject
method and all data (including base classes) written by the
Externalizable.writeExternal method.
The @serialData tag can be used in the doc comment for the writeObject, readObject, writeExternal, and readExternal methods. | |||||||||||
@throws class-name description | |||||||||||
The @throws and @exception tags are synonyms. Adds a "Throws" subheading to the generated documentation, with the class-name and description text. The class-name is the name of the exception that may be thrown by the method. If this class is not fully specified, the Javadoc tool uses the search order to look up this class. Multiple @throws tags can beused in a given doc comment for the same or different exceptions. | |||||||||||
To ensure that all checked exceptions are documented, if a @throws tag does not exist for an exception inthe throws clause, the Javadoc tool automatically adds that exception to the HTML output (with no description) as if it were documented with @throws tag. | |||||||||||
The @throws documentation is copied from an overridden method to a subclass only when the exception is explicitly declared in the overridden method. The same is true for copying from an interfacemethod to an implementing method. You can use {@inheritDoc} to force@throws to inherit documentation. | |||||||||||
For more details, see Writing @throws tags. | |||||||||||
{@value package.class#field} | |||||||||||
When {@value} is used (without any argument) in
the doc command of a static field, it displays the
value of that constant:
|
Tag | Description | |
---|---|---|
| ||
When used with argument
package.class#field in any doc comment, it displays
the value of the specified constant:
| ||
|
These values of these constants are also displayed on the Constant Field Values page.
Tag | Description |
---|---|
@version version-text | |
Adds a "Version" subheading with the specified version-text to the generated docs when the -version option is used. The text has no special internal structure. A doc comment may contain at most one @version tag. Version normally refers to the version of the software (such as the Java 2 SDK) that contains this class or member. |
Where Tags Can Be Used
The following sections describe where the tags can be used. Notice that these four tags can be used in all doc comments: @see, @link, @since, @deprecated.Overview Documentation Tags
Overview tags are tags that can appear in the documentation comment for the overview page, which resides in the source file typically named (overview.html). Like any other documentation comments, these tags must appear after the description.NOTE: The {@link} tag has a bug in overview documents in version 1.2. Text appears properly but has no link. The {@docRoot} tag foes not currently work in overview documents.
Overview Tags |
@see |
@since |
@author |
@version |
{@link} |
{@linkplain} |
{@docRoot} |
Package Documentation Tags
Package tags are tags that can appear in the documentation comment for a package (which resides in the source file named package.html). The @serial tag can only be used here with the include or exclude argument.
Package Tags |
@see |
@since |
@deprecated |
@serial |
@author |
{@link} |
{@linkplain} |
{@docRoot} |
Class and Interface Documentation Tags
The following are tags that can appear in the documentation comment for a class or interface. The @serial tag can only be used here with the include or exclude argument.
Class/Interface Tags |
@see |
@since |
@deprecated |
@serial |
@author |
@version |
{@link} |
{@linkplain} |
{@docRoot} |
An example of a class comment:
/**
* A class representing a window on the screen.
* For example:
* <pre>
* Window win = new Window(parent);
* win.show();
* </pre>
*
* @author Sami Shaio
* @version 1.8, 06/24/04
* @see java.awt.BaseWindow
* @see java.awt.Button
*/
class Window extends BaseWindow {
}
Field Documentation Tags
The following are the tags that can appear in the documentation comment for a field.
Field Tags |
@see |
@since |
@deprecated |
@serial |
@serialField |
{@link} |
{@linkplain} |
{@docRoot} |
{@value} |
An example of a field comment:
/**
* The X-coordinate of the component.
*
* @see #getLocation()
*/
int x = 1263732;
Constructor and Method Documentation Tags
The following are the tags that can appear in the documentation comment for a constructor or method, except for {@inheritDoc}, which cannot appear in a constructor.
Method/Constructor Tags |
@see |
@since |
@deprecated |
@param |
@return |
@throws and @exception |
@serialData |
{@link} |
{@linkplain} |
{@inheritDoc} |
{@docRoot} |
An example of a method doc comment:
/**
* Returns the character at the specified index. An index
* ranges from <code>0</code> to <code>length() - 1</code>.
*
* @param index the index of the desired character.
* @return the desired character.
* @exception StringIndexOutOfRangeException
* if the index is not in the range <code>0</code>
* to <code>length()-1</code>.
* @see java.lang.Character#charValue()
*/
public char charAt(int index) {
}
OPTIONS
The Javadoc tool uses doclets to determine its output. The Javadoc tool uses the default standard doclet unless a custom doclet is specified with the -doclet option. The Javadoc tool provides a set of command-line options that can be used with any doclet. These options are described below under the sub-heading Javadoc Options. The standard doclet provides an additional set of command-line options that are described below, under the sub-heading Options Provided by the Standard Doclet. All option names are case-insensitive, though their arguments can be case-sensitive.The options are:
-1.1 | -header | -package |
-author | -help | -private |
-bootclasspath | -helpfile | -protected |
-bottom | -J | -public |
-keywords | ||
-charset | -link | -quiet |
-classpath | -linkoffline | -serialwarn |
-d | -linksource | -source |
-docencoding | -locale | -sourcepath |
-doclet | -nodeprecated | -splitindex |
-docletpath | -nodeprecatedlist | -stylesheetfile |
-doctitle | -nohelp | -subpackages |
-encoding | -noindex | -tag |
-exclude | -nonavbar | -taglet |
-excludedocfilessubdir | -noqualifier | -tagletpath |
-extdirs | -nosince | -title |
-footer | -notree | -use |
-group | -overview | |
Javadoc Options
Tag | Description | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-overview path/filename | ||||||||||||||||||||
Specifies that
javadoc should retrieve the text for the
overview documentation from the "source" file specified by
path/filename and place it on the Overview page
(overview-summary.html).
The
path/filename is relative to the
-sourcepath. While you can use any name you want for filename and place it anywhere you want for path, a typical thing to do is to name it overview.html and place it in the source tree at the directory that contains the topmost package directories. In this location, no path is needed when documenting packages, since -sourcepath will point to this file. For example, if the source tree for the java.lang package is /src/classes/java/lang/, then you could place the overview file at /src/classes/overview.html. See Real World Example. For information about the file specified by path/filename, see overview comment file. Notice that the overview page is created only if you pass into javadoc two or more package names. For further explanation, see HTML Frames. The title on the overview page is set by -doctitle . | ||||||||||||||||||||
-public | Shows only public classes and members. | |||||||||||||||||||
-protected | ||||||||||||||||||||
Shows only protected and public classes and members. This is the default. | ||||||||||||||||||||
-package | Shows only package, protected, and public classes and members. | |||||||||||||||||||
-private | Shows all classes and members. | |||||||||||||||||||
-help | Displays the online help, which lists these javadoc and doclet command line options. | |||||||||||||||||||
-doclet class | ||||||||||||||||||||
Specifies the class file that starts the doclet used in generating the documentation. Use the fully-qualified name. This doclet defines the content and formats the output. If the -doclet option is not used, javadoc uses the standard doclet for generating the default HTML format. This class must contain the start(Root) method. The path to this starting class is defined by the -docletpath option. | ||||||||||||||||||||
For example, to call the MIF doclet, use:
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
-docletpath classpathlist | ||||||||||||||||||||
Specifies the path to the doclet class file (specified with the -doclet option) and any jar files it depends on. If the starting class file is in a jar file, then this specifies the path to that jar file, as shown in the example below. You can specify an absolute path or a path relative to the current directory. If classpath contains multiple paths or jar files, they should be separated with a colon (:) on Windows. This option is not necessary if the doclet is already in the search path. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Example of path to jar file that contains the
startig doclet class file. Notice the jar
filename is included.
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Example of path to starting doclet class file. Notice the
class filename is omitted.
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
-1.1 | This feature has been removed from Javadoc 1.4. There is no replacement for it. This option created documentation with the appearance and functionality of documentation generated by Javadoc 1.1 (including never supporting nested classes). If you need this option, use Javadoc 1.2 or 1.3 instead. | |||||||||||||||||||
-sourcepath sourcepathlist | ||||||||||||||||||||
Specifies the search paths for finding source files (.java) when passing package names or -subpackages into the javadoc command. The sourcepathlist can contain multiple paths by separating them with a colon (:). The Javadoc tool will search in all subdirectories of the specified paths. Note that this option is not only used to located the source files being documented, but also to find source files that are not being documented but whose comments are inherited by the source files being documented. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Note that you can use the
-sourcepath option only when passing
package names into the
javadoc command - it will not locate
.java files passed into the
javadoc command.
(To locate
.java files, cd to that directory or include the path ahead of each
file, as shown at Documenting One or More Classes.) If
-sourcepath is omitted,
javadoc uses the class path to find
the source files (see
-classpath). Therefore, the default
-sourcepath is the value of class path.
If
-classpath is omitted and you are passing package names into
javadoc, it looks in the current directory (and subdirectories) for the
source files.
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Set
sourcepathlist to the root directory of the source tree
for the package you are documenting.
For example, suppose you
want to document a package called
com.mypackage whose source
files are located at:
In this case, you would specify the source path to /home/user/src, the directory that contains com/mypackage, and then supply the package name com.mypackage:
This is easy to remember by noticing that if you concatenate the value of the source path and the package name together and change the dot to a slash "/", you end up with the full path to the package:
| ||||||||||||||||||||
-classpath classpathlist | ||||||||||||||||||||
Specifies the paths where
javadoc looks for referenced
classes (.class files) - these are the documented classes plus any
classes referenced by those classes.
The
classpathlist can contain multiple paths by separating them with a colon (:).
The
Javadoc tool will search in
all subdirectories of the specified paths.
Follow the instructions in class path documentation for
specifying
classpathlist. If -sourcepath is omitted, the Javadoc tool uses -classpath to find the source files as well as class files (for backward compatibility). Therefore, if you want to search for source and class files in separate paths, use both -sourcepath and -classpath. For example, if you want to document com.mypackage, whose source files reside in the directory /home/user/src/com/mypackage, and if this package relies on a library in /home/user/lib, you would specify:
As with other tools, if you do not specify -classpath, the Javadoc tool uses the CLASSPATH environment variable, if it is set. If both are not set, the Javadoc tool searches for classes from the current directory. For an in-depth description of how the Javadoc tool uses -classpath to find user classes as it relates to extension classes and bootstrap classes, see How Classes Are Found. | ||||||||||||||||||||
-bootclasspath classpathlist | ||||||||||||||||||||
Specifies the paths where the boot classes reside. These are nominally the Java platform classes. The bootclasspath is part of the search path the Javadoc tool will use to look up source and class files. See How Classes Are Found for more details. Separate directories in classpathlist with colons (:). | ||||||||||||||||||||
-extdirs dirlist | ||||||||||||||||||||
Specifies the directories where extension classes reside. These are any classes that use the Java Extension mechanism. The extdirs is part of the search path the Javadoc tool will use to look up source and class files. See -classpath (above) for more details. Separate directories in dirlist with colons (:). | ||||||||||||||||||||
-verbose | Provides more detailed messages while javadoc is running. Without the verbose option, messages appear for loading the source files, generating the documentation (one message per source file), and sorting. The verbose option causes the printing of additional messages specifying the number of milliseconds to parse each java source file. | |||||||||||||||||||
-quiet | Shuts off non-error and non-warning messages, leaving only the warnings and errors appear, making them easier to view. Also suppresses the version string. | |||||||||||||||||||
-locale language_country_variant | ||||||||||||||||||||
Important: The -locale option must be placed ahead (to the left) of any options provided by the standard doclet or any
other doclet. Otherwise, the navigation bars will appear in English.
This is the only command-line option that is order-dependent.
Specifies the locale that javadoc uses when generating documentation. The argument is the name of the locale, as described in java.util.Locale documentation, such as en_US (English, United States) or en_US_WIN (Windows variant). Specifying a locale causes javadoc to choose the resource files of that locale for messages (strings in the navigation bar, headings for lists and tables, help file contents, comments in stylesheet.css, and so forth). It also specifies the sorting order for lists sorted alphabetically, and the sentence separator to determine the end of the first sentence. It does not determine the locale of the doc comment text specified in the source files of the documented classes. | ||||||||||||||||||||
-encoding name | ||||||||||||||||||||
Specifies the source file encoding name, such as EUCJIS/SJIS. If this option is not specified, the platform default converter is used. | ||||||||||||||||||||
-Jflag |
Passes flag directly to the runtime system java that runs
javadoc. Notice there must be no space between the J and the
flag.
For example, if you need to ensure that the system sets
aside 32 megabytes of memory in which to process the
generated documentation, then you would call the
-Xmx option of java as
follows:
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To tell what version of javadoc you are using, call the
-version option of java:
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Options Provided by the Standard Doclet
Tag | Description | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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-d directory | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specifies the destination directory where javadoc saves the generated HTML files. (The "d" means "destination.") Omitting this option causes the files to be saved to the current directory. The value directory can be absolute or relative to the current working directory. As of 1.4, the destination directory is automatically created when javadoc is run. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For example, the following
generates the documentation for the
com.mypackage package and
saves the results in the
/home/user/doc/ directory:
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-use |
Includes one "Use" page for each documented class and
package.
The page describes what packages, classes, methods,
constructors, and fields use any API of the given class or package.
Given class C, things that use class C would include
subclasses of C, fields declared as C, methods that return C,
and methods and constructors with parameters of type C.
For example, look at what might appear on the "Use" page for String. The getName() method in the java.awt.Font class returns type String. Therefore, getName() uses String, and you will find that method on the "Use" page for String. Note that this documents only uses of the API, not the implementation. If a method uses String in its implementation but does not take a string as an argument or return a string, that is not considered a "use" of String. You can access the generated "Use" page by first going to the class or package, then clicking on the "Use" link in the navigation bar. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
-version | Includes the @version text in the generated docs. This text is omitted by default. To tell what version of the Javadoc tool you are using, use the | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
-author | Includes the @author text in the generated docs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
-splitindex | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Splits the index file into multiple files, alphabetically, one file per letter, plus a file for any index entries that start with non-alphabetical characters. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
-windowtitle title | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specifies the title to be placed in the HTML
<title> tag.
This appears in the window title and in any browser bookmarks
(favorite places) that someone creates for this page.
This title should not contain any HTML tags, as the browser cannot
properly interpret them.
Any internal quotation marks
within
title might have to be escaped.
If
-windowtitle is omitted, the
Javadoc tool uses the value of
-doctitle for this option.
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-doctitle title | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specifies the title to be placed near the top of the overview
summary file.
The title is placed as a centered,
level-one heading directly beneath the upper navigation bar.
The
title may contain HTML tags and white space, though if it
does, it must be enclosed in quotes.
Any internal quotation
marks within
title may have to be escaped.
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-title title | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This option no longer exists. It existed only in Beta versions of Javadoc 1.2. It has been renamed to -doctitle. This option was renamed to make it clear that it defines the document title rather than the window title. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
-header header | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specifies the header text to be placed at the top of each output file. The header is placed to the right of the upper navigation bar. header may contain HTML tags and white space, though if it does, it must be enclosed in quotes. Any internal quotation marks within header may have to be escaped. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
-footer footer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specifies the footer text to be placed at the bottom of each output file. The footer is placed to the right of the lower navigation bar. footer may contain HTML tags and white space, though if it does, it must be enclosed in quotes. Any internal quotation marks within footer may have to be escaped. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
-bottom text | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specifies the text to be placed at the bottom of each output file. The text is placed at the bottom of the page, below the lower navigation bar. text may contain HTML tags and white space, though if it does, it must be enclosed in quotes. Any internal quotation marks within text may have to be escaped. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
-link extdocURL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Creates links to existing javadoc-generated documentation of external referenced classes. It takes one argument. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
o | extdocURL is the absolute or relative URL of the directory containing the external javadoc-generated documentation you want to link to. Examples are shown below. The package-list file must be found in this directory (otherwise, use -linkoffline). The Javadoc tool reads the package names from the package-list file and then links to those packages at that URL. When the Javadoc tool is run, the extdocURL value is copied literally into the <A HREF> links that are created. Therefore, extdocURL must be the URL to the directory, not to a file. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
You can use an absolute link for extdocURL to enable your docs to link to a document on any website, or can use a relative link to link only to a relative location. If relative, the value you pass in should be the relative path from the destination directory (specified with -d) to the diretory containing the packages being linked to. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
When specifying an absolute link you normally use an http: link.
However, if you want to link to a file system that has no web
server, you can use a file: link - however, do this only if everyone
wanting to access the generated documentation shares the same
file system.
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You can specify multiple -link options in a given javadoc run
to link to multiple documents.
Choosing between -linkoffline and -link - One or the other option is appropriate when linking to an API document that is external to the current javadoc run. Use -link: o when using a relative path to the external API document, or o when using an absolute URL to the external API document, if you shell does not allow a program to open a connection to that URL for reading. Use -linkoffline: o when using an absolute URL to the external API document, if your shell does not allow a program to open a connection to that URL for reading. This can occur if you are behind a firewall and the document you want to link to is on the other side. Example using absolute links to the external docs - Lets say you want to link to the java.lang, java.io and other Java 2 Platform packages at http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/docs/api. The following command generates documentation for the package com.mypackage with links to the Java 2 Platform packages. The generated documentation will contain links to the Object class, for example in the class trees. (Other options, such as -sourcepath and -d, are not shown.)
Example using relative links to the external docs - Lets say you have two packages whose docs are generated in different runs of the Javadoc tool, and those docs are separated by a relative path. In this example, the packages are com.apipackage, and API, and com.spipackage, an SPI (Service Provide Interface). YOu want the documentation to reside in docs/api/com/apipackage and docs/spi/com/spipackage. Assuming the API package documentation is already generated, and that docs is the current directory, you would document the SPI package with links to the API documentation by running:
Notice the -link argument is relative to the destination directory (docs/spi). Details - The -link option enables you to link to classes referenced to by your code but not documented in the current javadoc run. For these links to go to valid pages, you must know where those HTML pages are located, and specify that location with extdocURL . This allows, for instance, third party documentation to link to java.* documentation on http://java.sun.com. Omit the -link option for javadoc to create links only to API within the documentation it is generating in the current run. (Without the -link option, the Javadoc tool does not create links to documentation for external references, because it does not know if or where that documentation exists. This option can create links in several places in the generated documentation. Another use is for cross-links between sets of packages: Execute javadoc on one set of packages, then run javadoc again on another set of packages, creating links both ways between both sets. A third use is as a "hack" to update docs: Execute javadoc on a full set of packages, then run javadoc again on only the smaller set of changed packages, so that the updated files can be inserted back into the original set. Bug Fix for Referenced Classes - In 1.4 the following bug has been fixed:
An see or {@link} reference with -link is now enough to load the referenced class and enable a link to it. You can remove any import statements you had added as workarounds, which we had suggested you comment as follows:
Package List - The -link option requires that a file named package-list, which is generated by the Javadoc tool, exist at the URL you specify with -link. The package-list file is a simple text file that lists the names of packages documented at that location. In an earlier example, the Javadoc tool looks for a file named package-list at the given URL, reads in the package names and then links to those packages at that URL. For example, the package list for the Java Platform v1.4 API is located at
and starts out as follows:
When javadoc is run without the -link option, when it encounters a name that belongs to an external referenced class, it prints the name with no link. However, when the -link option is used, the Javadoc tool searches the package-list file at the specified extdocURL location for that package name. If it finds the package name, it prefixes the name with extdocURL . In order for there to be no broken links, all of the documentation for the external references must exist at the specified URLs. The Javadoc tool does not check that these pages exist, only that the package-list exists. Multiple Links: - You can supply multiple-link options to link to any number of external generated documents. Javadoc 1.2 has a known bug that prevents you from supplying more than one -link command. This was fixed in 1.2.2. Specify a different link option for each external document to link to:
where extdocURL1, extdocURL2, ... extdocURLn point respectively to the roots of external documents, each of which contains a file named package-list. Cross-links - Note that "bootstrapping" may be required when cross-linking two or more documents that have not been previously generated. In other words, if package-list does not exist for either document, when you run the Javadoc tool on the first document, the package-list does not yet exist for the second document. Therefore, to create the external links, you must rree-generate the first document after generating the second document. In this case, the purpose of first generating a document is to create its package-list (or you can create it by hand if you are certain of the package names). Then generate the second document with its external links. The Javadoc tool prints a warning if a needed external package-list file does not exist. html.
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Command Line Argument Files
TO shorten or simplify the javadoc command line, you can specify one or more files that themselves contain arguments to the javadoc command (except -J options). This enables you to create javadoc commands of any length on any operating system.An argument file can include Javadoc options, source filenames and package names in any combination, or just arguments to Javadoc options. The arguments within a file can be space-separated or newline-separated. Filenames within an argument file are relative to the current directory, not the location of the argument file. Wildcards (*) are not allowed in these lists (such as for specifying *.java). Use of the @ character to recursively interpret files is not supported. The -J options are not supported because they are passed to the launcher, which does not support argument files.
When executing javadoc, pass in the path and name of each argument file with the @ leading character. When javadoc encounters an argument beginning with the character @, it expands the contents of that file in the argument list.
Example - Single Arg File
You could use a single argument file named "argfile" to hold all Javadoc arguments:
% javadoc @argfile
This argument file could contain the contents of both files shown in the next example.
Example - Two Arg Files
You can create two argument files - one for the Javadoc options and the other for the package names or source filenames: (Notice the following lists have no line-continuation characters.)
Create a file named "options" containing:
-d docs-filelist
-use
-splitindex
-windowtitle Java 2 Platform v1.3 API Specification
-doctitle Java<sup><font size="-2">TM</font></sup> 2\
Platform v1.4 API Specification
-header <b>Java 2 Platform </b><br><font size="-1">v1.4</font>
-bottom Copyright 1993-2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
-group "Core Packages" "java.*"
-overview /java/pubs/ws/1.3/src/share/classes/overview-core.html
-sourcepath /java/pubs/ws/1.3/src/share/classes
Create a file named "packages" containing:
com.mypackage1
com.mypackage2
com.mypackage3
You would then run javadoc with:
% javadoc @options @packages
Example - Arg Files with Paths
The argument files can have paths, but any filenames inside the files are relative to the current working directory (not path1 or path2):
% javadoc @path1/options @path2/packages
Examples - Option Arguments
Heres an example of saving just an argument to a javadoc option in an argument file. Well use the -bottom option, since it can have a lengthy argument. You could create a file named "bottom" containing its text argument:
Submit a bug or feature</a><br><br>Java is a trademark or registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the US and other countries.<br>Copyright 1993-2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road,<br>Palo Alto, California, 94303, U.S.A. All Rights Reserved.</font>
The run the Javadoc tool with:
% javadoc -bottom @bottom @packages
Or you could include the -bottom option at the start of the argument file, and then just run it as:
% javadoc @bottom @packages
Tag | Description |
---|---|
RUNNING
Running Javadoc
Version Numbers -The version number of javadoc can be determined using javadoc-J-version. The version number of the standard doclet appears in its output stream. It can be turned off with -quiet .
Public programmatic interface -
To invoke the
Javadoc tool from within programs written in the
Java language. This interface is in
om.sun.tools.javadoc.Main (and javadoc is re-entrant). For
more details, see Standard Doclet.
SIMPLE EXAMPLES
You can run javadoc on entire packages or individual source files. Each package name has a corresponding directory name. In the following examples, the source files are located at /home/src/java/awt/*java. The destination directory is /home/html.Documenting One or More Packages
To document a package, the source files (*.java) for that package must be located in a directory having the same name as the package. If a package name is made up of several identifiers (separated by dots, such as java.awt.color), each subsequent identifier must correspond to a deeper subdirectory (such as java/awt/color). You may split the source files for a single package among two such directory trees located at different places, as long as -sourcepath points to them both - for example src1/java/awt/color and src2/java/awt/color.You can run javadoc either by changing directories (with cd) or by using -sourcepath option. The examples below illustrate both alternatives.
Tag | Description | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
o |
Case 1 - Run recursively starting from one or more packages - This example uses
-sourcepath so javadoc can be run from any directory. It traverses
the subpackages of java excluding packages
rooted at
java.net and
java.lang. Notice this excludes
java.lang.ref, a subpackage of
java.lang).
| |||||
To also traverse down other package trees, append their names to the -subpackages argument, such as java:javax:org.xml.sax. | ||||||
o |
"Case 2 - Run on explicit packages after changing to
the "root" source directory -"
Change to the
parent directory of the fully qualified package.
Then run
javadoc, supplying names of one or more packages you want to document:
| |||||
o |
Case 3 - Run from any directory on explicit packages in a single directory tree -"
In this case, it does not matter
what the current directory is.
Run
javadoc supplying
-sourcepath with the parent directory of the top-level
package, and supplying names of one or more packages you want to
document:
| |||||
o |
Case 4 - Run from any directory on explicit packages in multiple directory trees -"
This is the same as case 3, but for packages in
separate directory trees.
Run javadoc supplying
-sourcepath with the path to each trees root (colon-separated)
and supply names of one or more packages you want to document. All source files for a given package do not need to be located under a single root directory - they just need to be found somewhere along the sourcepath.
|
Documenting One or More Classes
The second way to run the Javadoc tool is by passing in one or more source files (.java). You can run javadoc either of the following two ways: by changing directories (with cd) or by fully specifying the path to the .java files. Relative paths are relative to the current directory. The -sourcepath option is ignored when passing in source files. You can use command line wildcards, such as asterisk (*), to specify groups of classes.Tag | Description | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
o |
Case 1 Changing to the source directory - Change to the
directory holding the
.java files.
Then run
javadoc, supplying names of one or more source files you want to document.
This example generates HTML-formatted documentation for the classes Button, Canvas, and classes beginning with Graphics. Because source files rather than package names were passed in as arguments to javadoc, the document has two frames - for the list of classes and the main page. | |||||
o |
Case 2 - Changing to the package root directory - This is
useful for documenting individual source files from different
subpackages off the same root.
Change to the package root
directory, and supply the source files with paths from the root.
This example generates HTML-formatted documentation for the classes Button and Applet. | |||||
o |
Case 3 - From any directory - In this case, it doesnt matter
what the current directory is.
Run
javadoc, supplying the
absolute path (or path relative to the current directory) to the
.java files you want to document:
This example generates HTML-formatted documentation for the class Button and classes beginning with Graphics. |
Documenting Both Packages and Classes
You can document entire packages and individual classes at the same time. Here is an example that mixes the two previous examples. You can use -sourcepath for the path to the packages but not for the path to the individual classes:
example% javadoc -d /home/html -sourcepath /home/src java.awt \
/home/src/java/applet/Applet.java
This example generates HTML-formatted documentation for the package java.awt and class Applet. The Javadoc tool determines the package name for Applet from the package declaration, if any, in the Applet.java source file.)
Real World Example
The Javadoc tool has many useful options, some of which are more commonly used than others. Here is effectively the command you need to run the Javadoc tool on the Java platform API. We use 180MB of memory to generate the documentation for the 1500 (approx.) public and protected classes in the Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition, v1.2.The same example is shown twice - first as executed on the command line, then as execued from a makefile. It uses absolute paths in the option arguments, which enables the same javadoc command to be run from any directory.
Command Line Example
This command line example is over 900 characters, which is too long from some shells, such as DOS. You can use a command line argument file (or write a shell script) to workaround this limitation.
example% javadoc -sourcepath /jdk/src/share/classes
-overview /java/jdk/src/share/classes/overview.html
-d /jdk/build/api
-use
-splitIndex
-windowtitle Java 2 Platform v1.2 API Specification
-doctitle Java<sup><font size="-2">TM</font></sup> 2 \
Platform v1.2 API Specification
-header <b>Java 2 Platform </b><br><font size="-1">v1.2</font>
-bottom <font size="-1"><a href="http://java.sun.com/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi"> \
Submit a bug or feature</a><br><br>Java is a trademark or registered \
trademark of Sun Microsystems,Inc. in the US and other countries.<br> \
Copyright 1993-1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
901 San Antonio Road,<br>Palo Alto, California, 94303, U.S.A. \
All Rights Reserved.</font>
-group "Core Packages" "java.*:com.sun.java.*:org.omg.*"
-group "Extension Packages" "javax.*"
-J-Xmx180m
@packages
where packages is the name of a file containing the packages to process, such as java.applet, java.lang. None of the options should contain any newline characters between the single quotes. (For example, if you copy and paste this example, delete the newline characters from the -bottom option.) See the other notes listed below.
Makefile Example
This is an example of a GNU makefile. For an example of a Windows makefile, see creating a makefile for Windows.
WINDOWTITLE = Java Platform 1.2 Final API Specification
DOCTITLE = Java<sup><font size="-2">TM</font></sup> Platform 1.2 \
Final API Specification
HEADER = <b>Java Platform 1.2</b><br><font size="-1">Final</font>
BOTTOM = <font size="-1"><a href="http://java.sun.com/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi">\
Submit a bug or feature</a><br><br>Java is a trademark or registered \
trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the US and other countries.<br> \
Copyright 1993-1998 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road,<br>\
Palo Alto, California, 94303, U.S.A.</font>
GROUPCORE = "Core Packages" "java.*:com.sun.java.*:org.omg.*"
GROUPEXT = "Extension Packages" "javax.*"
SRCDIR = /java/jdk/1.2/src/share/classes
example% javadoc -sourcepath /jdk/src/share/classes/* Sets path for
source files */
-overview $ (SRCDIR)/overview.html /* Sets path for overview text */
-d /jdk/build/api /* Sets destination directory */
-use /* Adds "Use" files */
-splitIndex /* Splits index A-Z */
-windowtitle $(WINDOWTITLE)/* Adds a window title */
-doctitle $(DOCTITLE)/* Adds a doc title */
-header $(HEADER) /* Adds running header text */
-bottom $(BOTTOM) /* Adds text at bottom */
-group $(GROUPCORE) /* 1st subhead on overview page */
-group $(GROUPEXT) /* 2nd subhead on overview page */
-J-Xmx180m /* Sets memory to 180MB */
java.lang java.lang.reflect/* Sets packages to document */
java.util java.io java.netjava.applet
Single quotes are used to surround makefile arguments.
Notes
Tag | Description |
---|---|
o | If you omit the -windowtitle option, the Javadoc tool copies the doc title to the window title. The -windowtitle text is basically the same as the -doctitle but without HTML tags, to prevent those tags from appearing as raw text in the window title). |
o | If you omit the -footer option, as done here, the Javadoc tool copies the header text to the footer. |
Other important options you might wan to use but | |
not needed in this example are -classpath and -link. |
TROUBLESHOOTING
General Troubleshooting
Tag | Description |
---|---|
o | Javadoc FAQ - Commonly-encountered bugs and troubleshooting tips can be found on the Javadoc FAQ |
o | Bugs and Limitations - You can also see some bugs listed at Important Bug Fixes and Changes. |
o | Version number - See version numbers. |
o | Documents only legal classes - When documenting a package, javadoc only reads files whose names are composed of legal class names. You can prevent javadoc from parsing a file by including, for example, a hyphen "-" in its filename. |
Errors and Warnings
Error and warning messages contain the filename and line number to the declaration line rather than to the particular line in the doc comment:Tag | Description |
---|---|
o | "error: cannot read: Class1.java" the Javadoc tool is trying to load the class Class1.java in the current directory. The class name is shown with its path (absolute or relative), which in this caseis the same as ./Class1.java. |
ENVIRONMENT
Tag | Description |
---|---|
CLASSPATH | Environment variable that provides the path which javadoc uses to find user class files. This environment variable is overridden by the -classpath option. Separate your directories with a colon, for example: |
Tag | Description |
---|---|
.:/home/classes:/usr/local/java/classes |
SEE ALSO
See (or search java.sun.com) for the following:
Tag | Description |
---|---|
The Javadoc Home Page @ | |
http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/javadoc/index.html | |
How to Write Doc Comments for Javadoc@ | |
http://java.sun.com/j2se/javadoc/writingdoccomments/index.html | |
Setting the Class Path
How Javac and Javadoc Find Classes | |