损益表 - 例题解析
答案 - D
解释
Suppose, number of oranges bought = LCM of 6 and 4 = 12 ∴CP = Re (10/6 * 12) = Re 20 and SP = Re (6/4 * 12) = Re 18 ∴Loss% = (2/20 * 100)% = 10%
答案 - A
解释
(SP of 33m) - (CP of 33m) = Gain = SP of 11m ∴ SP of 22m = CP of 33m Let CP of each meter be Re 1. Then, CP of 22m = Re 22. Hence SP of 22m = Re 33. ∴ %Gain = 11/22 * 100 = 50%
题3 - 纯酥油每公斤100卢比。店主混合了每公斤50卢比的植物油，并将混合物以每公斤96卢比的价格出售，利润为20%。他以什么比例混合纯酥油和植物油？
答案 - A
解释
Mean Cost price = Re (100/120)*96 = Re 80 per kg Apply rule of allegation, there4; Required ratio = 30:20 = 3:2
答案 - C
解释
Let the CP of each article = Re 1. Then CP of 20 articles = Re 20. SP of 20 articles = CP of 25 articles = Re 25. ∴ Gain% = (5/20)*100% = 25%
题5 - 店主以每公斤13.50卢比的价格买了80公斤糖，并将其与120公斤每公斤16卢比的糖混合。如果他要获得16%的利润，他应该以什么价格向顾客出售糖？
答案 - D
解释
CP of 200 kg of mixture = Re (80 * 13.50) + (120 * 16) = Re 3000 SP = 116% of Re 3000 = Re (116/100)*3000 = Re 3480 ∴Rate of SP = Re 3480/200 = Re 17.40/kg
答案 - B
解释
CP of 3 cookies = Re 1 SP of 3 cookies = 150% of Re 1 = 3/2 For Re 3/2, the man sells 3 cookies. Hence for Re 1, number of cookies sold = 3*2/3 = 2
题7 - Anil以600卢比的价格买了一台计算器，并以10%的利润卖给了Vikash。Vikash以5%的利润卖给了Chandan。Chandan使用一段时间后，以20%的亏损卖给了Dinesh。Chandan以多少钱卖给了Dinesh？
答案 - C
解释
SP for Chandan = 600 * (110/100) * (105/100) * (80/100) = 600 * 924/1000 = Re 554.40
题8 - X以20%的亏损将一件商品卖给Y，Y以15%的利润卖给Z，Z以5%的亏损卖给W，W以10%的利润卖给V。如果V支付了500卢比，X支付了多少钱？
答案 - A
解释
CP for X = 500 * (100/80) * (100/115) * (100/95) * (100/110) = 500 * 10000/9614 = Re 520.07
题9 - 当一个摊贩找不到以每公斤10卢比的价格购买他的蔬菜的人时，他将价格降至每公斤8.10卢比，但使用900克的错误重量代替1公斤的重量。求实际价格或损失的百分比变化。
答案 - D
解释
After the price was reduced, 900 gm now costs Re 8.10. Hence 1000gm will cost (1000/900)*8.10 = Re 9 % change in actual price or loss = [(10 - 9)/10]*100% = 10%
答案 - C
解释
Let the CP = Re 100 ∴ SP = 100 * (120/100) * (110/100) = Re 132 Final profit = (132 - 100)*100% = 32%
答案 - C
解释
CP = 4600 * (100/115) =Re 4000 Loss% = [(4000-3600)/4000]*100% = 10%
题12 - 一位卖家以5%的亏损卖出一块手表。如果他以高出20%的价格购买并以低115卢比的价格出售，他将亏损40%。求手表的成本价。
答案 - A
解释
Assume CP = x Selling price at the first case = (95/100)x Selling price at the second case = (60/100)*(120/100)x = (7200/10000)x As per question, (95/100)x - (7200/10000)x = 150 Or, x = Re 500
答案 - D
解释
CP = 540*(100/90) = Re 600 New SP = 600*(95/100) = Re 570
答案 - C
解释
CP = 60*(100/120) = Re 50 New SP = Re 55 Gain% = (5/50)*100 =10%
题15 - 一个店主以1600卢比的价格购买大米。他不得不以20%的亏损出售1/4。如果他要获得10%的总体收益，他需要从剩余的大米库存中获得多少百分比的利润？
答案 - A
解释
CP of 1/4th of the stock = 1600/4 = Re 400 SP of 1/4th of the stock = 400*(80/100) =Re 320 In order to make a profit of 10% on total CP, the SP should be: SP = 1600*(110/100) = Re 1760 ∴The SP for the remaining 3/4th of the stock should be Re 1760 - Re 320 = Re 1440. Cost Price of the 3/4th of stock = Re 1600 - Re 400 = Re 1200. ∴%Gain = [(1440-1200)/1200*100}] = (240/1200)*100 = 20%
答案 - B
解释
10% of Re 110 = Re 11 Cost of 2 kg of wheat at new price = Re 11 So, cost of 1 kg of wheat at new price = Re 5.50 = Re 11/2 Original Price = (11/2)*(100/110) = Re 5 per kg
题17 - 10公斤大米的成本与20公斤小麦的成本相同，25公斤小麦的成本与2公斤茶叶的成本相同，5公斤茶叶的成本与25公斤糖的成本相同。如果14公斤大米的价格是32卢比，求6公斤糖的价格。
答案 - C
解释
4 kg of rice costs Re 32 ∴10kg of rice will cost = (32/4)*10 = Re 80 20 kg of wheat costs Re 80. ∴25kg of wheat costs = (80/20)*25 = Re 100 2kg of tea costs Re 100 ∴5 kg of tea costs = (100/2)*5 = Re 250 25kg of sugar costs Re 250. ∴6 kg of sugar costs = (250/25)*6 = Re 60
题18 - 一个水果商以20%的利润出售香蕉。如果他将每根香蕉的售价提高25派萨，他将获得45%的利润。求每根香蕉的初始售价及其成本价。
答案 - A
解释
Let CP = x paisa. Initial SP = x*(120/100) paisa As per question, 120x/100 + 25 = (145/100)x or, 145x/100 - 120x/100 = 25 or, 25x/100 = 25 or, x = 100 paisa CP = 100 paisa or Re 1. Initial SP = 120 paisa or Re 1.20.
题19 - 一个人以每块80万卢比的价格卖了两块地。一块他赚了16%的利润，另一块他亏损了16%。他在整个交易中亏损或盈利多少？
答案 - C
解释
Applying direct formula, %loss = (16/10)2% = 64/25% = 2.56%
题20 - 一个没受过教育的零售商将所有商品的价格标高出成本价的50%，认为他仍然可以获得25%的利润，并在标价上打25%的折扣。他的实际销售利润是多少？
答案 - B
解释
Let CP = Re 100. The, marked price, MP = Re 150 SP = 75% of Re 150 = Re 112.50 ∴ Gain% = 12.50%