Selenium WebDriver - 复制和粘贴

在使用 Selenium WebDriver 开发的测试脚本中，可以自动化复制和粘贴操作。在测试应用程序时，我们经常会从一个编辑框中复制文本，然后将其粘贴到另一个编辑框中。

可以使用 Selenium 中的Keys类执行复制和粘贴操作。用于复制和粘贴的键可以使用Ctrl + C和Ctrl + V分别实现。要按下的这些键作为参数发送到sendKeys()方法。

现在让我们讨论一下在网页上执行复制和粘贴操作的元素的识别，如下图所示。首先，我们需要右键单击网页，然后在 Chrome 浏览器中单击“检查”按钮。然后，整个页面的相应 HTML 代码将可见。为了检查该网页上的源元素和目标元素，我们需要单击可见 HTML 代码顶部的左上箭头，如下所示。

让我们以以下页面为例，我们首先在第一个输入框（突出显示）中输入文本 -Selenium（在姓名旁边），然后将相同的文本复制并粘贴到另一个输入框（突出显示）中（在电子邮件旁边）。

语法

如果您使用的是 MAC 机器，则语法为：

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// Identify the first input box with xpath locator
WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));

// enter some text
e.sendKeys("Selenium");

// Identify the second input box with xpath locator
WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));

// copy text from first input box then paste to second input box
e.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "a");
e.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "c");

// paste to second input box
s.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "v");

如果您使用的是 Windows 机器，则语法为：

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// Identify the first input box with xpath locator
WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));

// enter some text
e.sendKeys("Selenium");

// Identify the second input box with xpath locator
WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));

// copy text from first input box then paste to second input box
e.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "a");
e.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "c");

// paste to second input box
s.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "v");

示例

在 CopyAndPaste.java 类文件中实现代码。

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class CopyAndPaste {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 15 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Opening the webpage where we will identify an element
      driver.get("https://tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/selenium_automation_practice.php");

      // Identify the first input box with xpath locator
      WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='name']"));

      // enter some text
      e.sendKeys("Selenium");

      // Identify the second input box with xpath locator
      WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='email']"));

      // copy text from first input box then paste to second input box
      e.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "a");
      e.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "c");

      // paste to second input box
      s.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "v");

      // Getting text in the second input box
      String text = s.getAttribute("value");
      System.out.println("Value copied and pasted: " + text);

      // Closing browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

输出

Value copied and pasted: Selenium

Process finished with exit code 0

在上面的示例中，我们首先在第一个输入框中输入了文本Selenium，然后将文本复制并粘贴到第二个输入框中，并在控制台中获得了输入文本作为消息 -已复制并粘贴的值：Selenium。

最后，收到消息进程已完成，退出代码为 0，表示代码已成功执行。

让我们再举一个例子，我们再次首先在一个输入框中输入文本，然后使用Actions类的keyUp()、keyDown()和sendKeys()方法将相同的文本复制并粘贴到另一个输入框中。所有这些方法都将要按下的键作为参数。

语法

如果您使用的是 MAC 机器，则语法为：

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// Identify the first input box with xpath locator
WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));

// enter some text
e.sendKeys("Selenium");

// Identify the second input box with xpath locator
WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));

// Actions class methods to select text
Actions a = new Actions(driver);
a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND);
a.sendKeys("a");
a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND);
a.build().perform();

// Actions class methods to copy text
a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND);
a.sendKeys("c");
a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND);
a.build().perform();

// Action class methods to tab and reach to  the next input box
a.sendKeys(Keys.TAB);
a.build().perform();

// Actions class methods to paste text
a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND);
a.sendKeys("v");
a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND);
a.build().perform();

如果您使用的是 Windows 机器，则语法为：

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// Identify the first input box with xpath locator
WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));

// enter some text
e.sendKeys("Selenium");

// Identify the second input box with xpath locator
WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));

// Actions class methods to select text
Actions a = new Actions(driver);
a.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL);
a.sendKeys("a");
a.keyUp(Keys.CONTROL);
a.build().perform();

// Actions class methods to copy text
a.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL);
a.sendKeys("c");
a.keyUp(Keys.CONTROL);
a.build().perform();

// Action class methods to tab and reach to next input box
a.sendKeys(Keys.TAB);
a.build().perform();

// Actions class methods to paste text
a.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL);
a.sendKeys("v");
a.keyUp(Keys.CONTROL);
a.build().perform();

示例

在 CopyAndPasteActions.java 类文件中实现代码。

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class CopyAndPasteAct {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 15 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Opening the webpage where we will identify an element
      driver.get("https://tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/selenium_automation_practice.php");

      // Identify the first input box with xpath locator
      WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='name']"));

      // enter some text
      e.sendKeys("Selenium");

      // Actions class methods to select text
      Actions a = new Actions(driver);
      a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND);
      a.sendKeys("a");
      a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND);
      a.build().perform();

      // Actions class methods to copy text
      a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND);
      a.sendKeys("c");
      a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND);
      a.build().perform();

      // Action class methods to tab and reach to next input box
      a.sendKeys(Keys.TAB);
      a.build().perform();

      // Actions class methods to paste text
      a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND);
      a.sendKeys("v");
      a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND);
      a.build().perform();

      // Identify the second input box with xpath locator
      WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='email']"));

      // Getting text in the second input box
      String text = s.getAttribute("value");
      System.out.println("Value copied and pasted: " + text);

      // Closing browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

输出

Value copied and pasted: Selenium

Process finished with exit code 0

最后，收到消息进程已完成，退出代码为 0，表示代码已成功执行。

因此，在本教程中，我们讨论了如何使用 Selenium WebDriver 处理复制和粘贴操作。

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