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Selenium WebDriver - 复制和粘贴



在使用 Selenium WebDriver 开发的测试脚本中,可以自动化复制和粘贴操作。在测试应用程序时,我们经常会从一个编辑框中复制文本,然后将其粘贴到另一个编辑框中。

可以使用 Selenium 中的Keys类执行复制和粘贴操作。用于复制和粘贴的键可以使用Ctrl + CCtrl + V分别实现。要按下的这些键作为参数发送到sendKeys()方法。

现在让我们讨论一下在网页上执行复制和粘贴操作的元素的识别,如下图所示。首先,我们需要右键单击网页,然后在 Chrome 浏览器中单击“检查”按钮。然后,整个页面的相应 HTML 代码将可见。为了检查该网页上的源元素和目标元素,我们需要单击可见 HTML 代码顶部的左上箭头,如下所示。

Selenium Copy 1

让我们以以下页面为例,我们首先在第一个输入框(突出显示)中输入文本 -Selenium(在姓名旁边),然后将相同的文本复制并粘贴到另一个输入框(突出显示)中(在电子邮件旁边)。

Selenium Copy 2

语法

如果您使用的是 MAC 机器,则语法为:

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); // Identify the first input box with xpath locator WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>")); // enter some text e.sendKeys("Selenium"); // Identify the second input box with xpath locator WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>")); // copy text from first input box then paste to second input box e.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "a"); e.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "c"); // paste to second input box s.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "v");

如果您使用的是 Windows 机器,则语法为:

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); // Identify the first input box with xpath locator WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>")); // enter some text e.sendKeys("Selenium"); // Identify the second input box with xpath locator WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>")); // copy text from first input box then paste to second input box e.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "a"); e.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "c"); // paste to second input box s.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "v");

示例

在 CopyAndPaste.java 类文件中实现代码。

package org.example; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class CopyAndPaste { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { // Initiate the Webdriver WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); // adding implicit wait of 15 secs driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // Opening the webpage where we will identify an element driver.get("https://tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/selenium_automation_practice.php"); // Identify the first input box with xpath locator WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='name']")); // enter some text e.sendKeys("Selenium"); // Identify the second input box with xpath locator WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='email']")); // copy text from first input box then paste to second input box e.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "a"); e.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "c"); // paste to second input box s.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "v"); // Getting text in the second input box String text = s.getAttribute("value"); System.out.println("Value copied and pasted: " + text); // Closing browser driver.quit(); } }

输出

Value copied and pasted: Selenium

Process finished with exit code 0

在上面的示例中,我们首先在第一个输入框中输入了文本Selenium,然后将文本复制并粘贴到第二个输入框中,并在控制台中获得了输入文本作为消息 -已复制并粘贴的值:Selenium

最后,收到消息进程已完成,退出代码为 0,表示代码已成功执行。

让我们再举一个例子,我们再次首先在一个输入框中输入文本,然后使用Actions类的keyUp()keyDown()sendKeys()方法将相同的文本复制并粘贴到另一个输入框中。所有这些方法都将要按下的键作为参数。

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语法

如果您使用的是 MAC 机器,则语法为:

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); // Identify the first input box with xpath locator WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>")); // enter some text e.sendKeys("Selenium"); // Identify the second input box with xpath locator WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>")); // Actions class methods to select text Actions a = new Actions(driver); a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND); a.sendKeys("a"); a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND); a.build().perform(); // Actions class methods to copy text a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND); a.sendKeys("c"); a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND); a.build().perform(); // Action class methods to tab and reach to the next input box a.sendKeys(Keys.TAB); a.build().perform(); // Actions class methods to paste text a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND); a.sendKeys("v"); a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND); a.build().perform();

如果您使用的是 Windows 机器,则语法为:

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); // Identify the first input box with xpath locator WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>")); // enter some text e.sendKeys("Selenium"); // Identify the second input box with xpath locator WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>")); // Actions class methods to select text Actions a = new Actions(driver); a.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL); a.sendKeys("a"); a.keyUp(Keys.CONTROL); a.build().perform(); // Actions class methods to copy text a.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL); a.sendKeys("c"); a.keyUp(Keys.CONTROL); a.build().perform(); // Action class methods to tab and reach to next input box a.sendKeys(Keys.TAB); a.build().perform(); // Actions class methods to paste text a.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL); a.sendKeys("v"); a.keyUp(Keys.CONTROL); a.build().perform();

示例

在 CopyAndPasteActions.java 类文件中实现代码。

package org.example; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class CopyAndPasteAct { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { // Initiate the Webdriver WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); // adding implicit wait of 15 secs driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // Opening the webpage where we will identify an element driver.get("https://tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/selenium_automation_practice.php"); // Identify the first input box with xpath locator WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='name']")); // enter some text e.sendKeys("Selenium"); // Actions class methods to select text Actions a = new Actions(driver); a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND); a.sendKeys("a"); a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND); a.build().perform(); // Actions class methods to copy text a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND); a.sendKeys("c"); a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND); a.build().perform(); // Action class methods to tab and reach to next input box a.sendKeys(Keys.TAB); a.build().perform(); // Actions class methods to paste text a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND); a.sendKeys("v"); a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND); a.build().perform(); // Identify the second input box with xpath locator WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='email']")); // Getting text in the second input box String text = s.getAttribute("value"); System.out.println("Value copied and pasted: " + text); // Closing browser driver.quit(); } }

输出

Value copied and pasted: Selenium

Process finished with exit code 0

在上面的示例中,我们首先在第一个输入框中输入了文本Selenium,然后将文本复制并粘贴到第二个输入框中,并在控制台中获得了输入文本作为消息 -已复制并粘贴的值:Selenium

最后,收到消息进程已完成,退出代码为 0,表示代码已成功执行。

因此,在本教程中,我们讨论了如何使用 Selenium WebDriver 处理复制和粘贴操作。

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