Selenium WebDriver - 文件上传

Selenium WebDriver 可用于自动化需要在网页上上传文件的测试。在 HTML 中，文件上传元素由名为input的标签名称标识。此外，它应该有一个属性type，其值为file。

在 HTML 中识别上传功能

右键单击下面显示的页面，然后单击 Chrome 浏览器中的“检查”按钮。结果，整个页面的完整 HTML 代码将可见。要检查页面上的“选择文件”按钮，请单击左侧向上的箭头，如下所示。

单击并将箭头指向“选择文件”文本旁边的按钮后，其 HTML 代码可见，反映了input标签名称及其值为file的type属性。

<input id="uploadFile" type="file" lang="en" class="form-control-file">

要上传文件，我们将使用sendKeys()方法。要上传的文件路径作为参数传递给该方法。

示例

让我们以下面的页面为例，我们将通过单击“选择文件”按钮上传文件Picture.png。成功上传后，文件Picture.png应该在网页上可见。

语法

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// identify element the element 
WebElement l = driver.findElement(By.xpath("value of xpath locator"));

// getting file path to be uploaded
File f = new File("./Picture.png");
System.out.println("Getting the file path to be uploaded: " + f.getAbsolutePath());

// uploading file with path of file uploaded
m.sendKeys(f.getAbsolutePath());

代码实现

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class FilesUpload {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 15 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Opening the webpage where we will upload a file
      driver.get("https://tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/upload-download.php");

      // identify element with xpath for file upload
      WebElement m = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='uploadFile']"));

      // getting file path to be uploaded
      File f = new File("./Picture.png");
      System.out.println("Getting the file path to be uploaded: " + f.getAbsolutePath());

      // uploading file with path of file uploaded
      m.sendKeys(f.getAbsolutePath());

      // check if file uploaded successfully
      if (m.getAttribute("value").equalsIgnoreCase("Picture.png")) {
         System.out.println("File uploaded successfully ");
      } else {
         System.out.println("File uploaded unsuccessfully ");
      }

      // Closing browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

在 pom.xml 文件中添加的依赖项：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

   <groupId>org.example</groupId>
   <artifactId>SeleniumJava</artifactId>
   <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

   <properties>
      <maven.compiler.source>16</maven.compiler.source>
      <maven.compiler.target>16</maven.compiler.target>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
   </properties>
   
   <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java -->
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
         <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
         <version>4.11.0</version>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
</project>

输出

Getting the file path to be uploaded: /Users/IdeaProjects/Selenium Java/./Picture.png
File uploaded unsuccessfully 

Process finished with exit code 0

在上面的示例中，我们获得了要上传的文件路径以及控制台中的消息 - 正在获取要上传的文件路径：/Users/IdeaProjects/Selenium Java/./Picture.png。然后我们成功上传了文件，控制台中的消息为 - 文件上传失败。

最后，收到消息进程已完成，退出代码为 0，表示代码已成功执行。

文件路径错误的异常

让我们再举一个例子，其中将错误的文件路径作为参数传递给 sendKeys() 方法（即要上传的文件名为Picture1.png而不是 Picture.png）。在这种情况下，文件将不会上传，并且会抛出异常。

示例

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class FilesExcUpload {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 15 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Opening the webpage where we will upload a file
      driver.get("https://tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/upload-download.php");

      // identify element with xpath for file upload
      WebElement m = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='uploadFile']"));

      // getting file path to be uploaded
      File f = new File("./Picture1.png");
      System.out.println("Getting the file path to be uploaded: " + f.getAbsolutePath());

      // uploading file with path of file uploaded
      m.sendKeys(f.getAbsolutePath());

      // check if file uploaded successfully
      if (m.getAttribute("value").equalsIgnoreCase("Picture1.png")) {
         System.out.println("File uploaded successfully ");
      } else {
         System.out.println("File uploaded unsuccessfully ");
      }

      // Closing browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

输出

Getting the file path to be uploaded: 
   /Users/IdeaProjects/Selenium Java/./Picture1.png
Exception in thread "main"
   org.openqa.selenium.InvalidArgumentException: invalid argument: 
   File not found : /Users/IdeaProjects/Selenium Java/./Picture1.png

Process finished with exit code 1

在上面的示例中，我们获得了要上传的文件路径以及控制台中的消息 - 正在获取要上传的文件路径：/Users/IdeaProjects/Selenium Java/./Picture1.png。然后由于发送了错误的文件路径进行上传，因此收到异常。

最后，收到消息进程已完成，退出代码为 1，表示代码执行失败。

结论

本教程全面介绍了 Selenium WebDriver 文件上传。我们从描述如何在 HTML 中识别上传功能开始，并通过示例来说明如何在 Selenium WebDriver 中上传文件。这使您深入了解 Selenium WebDriver 文件上传。明智的做法是继续练习您所学的内容，并探索与 Selenium 相关的其他内容，以加深您的理解并拓宽您的视野。